What is the modern name of the city of Helsingfors? Open left menu Helsinki. Museums and galleries. Which ones are worth visiting?

Helsinki is the capital of which country? Anyone who is asking this question should definitely read our article. Here we will talk not only about where the city is located, but also about the history and tourist attractions of this northern

The capital of Helsinki is the country of Finland

The main city of Finland is located in an extremely unfavorable place, from a geographical point of view - on 315 islands. Sometimes, to get from one district of the capital to another, you need to cross a dozen bridges or even cross one of the straits by ferry. This city is completely saturated with the smell of the sea and the roar of arriving and departing ships.

Helsinki is not a small capital. The city covers an area of ​​1140 square kilometers. Moreover, 30% of this territory is city parks, squares and undeveloped areas. In other words, a traveler feels quite light and spacious in Helsinki. In addition, the bulk of the interesting things and tourist attractions are compactly concentrated within one peninsula.

Brief history of the city

Modern Helsinki appeared on the map of Europe back in the middle of the 16th century. In 1550, the city was founded by the Swedish king Gustav I.

Helsinki is a capital with a rich and interesting history. The city was created with a single goal: to create real competition for another major port in the Baltic region - Tallinn. Of course, the first inhabitants of Helsinki had a hard time: poverty, disease and constant wars crushed many. The situation changed somewhat for the better after the construction of a powerful fortress here. Well, the city changed significantly at the beginning of the 19th century, when it was annexed to Russia (as a result of the latter’s victory in the Finnish War).

By order of the Russian Tsar Alexander I, the capital of the duchy was moved to Helsinki. The only university in Finland, the Abo Academy, soon moved here. The “Russian trace” is noticeable in Helsinki and in the business center of the capital, where all the buildings were built in a strictly classical style. This part of the city is very reminiscent of old St. Petersburg.

The first half of the twentieth century brought many troubles and misfortunes to Helsinki. Nevertheless, the city continued to actively develop: already in the 70s, its population tripled. And today the capital of Finland is one of the fastest growing in Europe.

The country with its capital Helsinki is located in Northern Europe, on You can get here in a variety of ways: by land, by sea, by air.

Travelers arriving in Helsinki by plane are served by Vanta Airport, which is located twenty kilometers from the center of the capital. From the airport you can easily and quickly get to anywhere in the city by taxi or by municipal bus.

The location of the train station in the center of Helsinki is also very convenient. In addition, the station building is connected directly to the city metro via underground passages. Regular bus services connect the Finnish capital with many cities in Russia, Sweden, and Norway.

Tourists are advised to visit Helsinki (and Finland in general) in the summer, from mid-June to mid-August. And of course, a huge number of foreign guests come here for the New Year and Christmas holidays. Springs in Finland are beautiful, but very short: summer here can change to winter in almost one week.

Helsinki - the capital of joyful holidays

Severe natural conditions(in particular, the long autumn and winter nights) taught the Finns to have good and quality fun. They are truly great masters at this!

Perhaps the most interesting and noisy holiday in Finland is celebrated on the night of May 1st. This is Vappu, or the celebration of welcoming spring. This night the city of Helsinki turns into one huge party under open air.

The grandiose Arts Festival takes place in Helsinki every year in early autumn. Dance, street plays and theater performances, art exhibitions, classical and contemporary music are all included in its program. Tens of thousands of guests flock to the Finnish capital these days to enjoy various types of art.

Well, gastronomic tourists and just people who love to eat well are invited to the annual Baltic Herring Fair by Helsinki. It has been held in this city for more than two hundred years! Few of the visiting tourists realize how many delicious and delicious dishes can be prepared from ordinary herring - the main product of the Baltic region.

City of Christmas Lights

Helsinki is the capital where thousands of tourists come for Christmas. As a rule (exceptions are extremely rare), these days there is already snow in the city, and the legendary St. Thomas begins its work in the center of the capital.

Fragrant mulled wine, bright festive lights on the streets and cozy decorated restaurants - these are the indispensable attributes of Christmas in the Finnish capital. Without a doubt, this is one of the best places on the planet where you can celebrate the New Year!

In conclusion...

Now you know where the city of Helsinki is and whose capital it is. Here you can have a wonderful and wonderful time, both in summer and winter. Especially many tourists prefer to come to fairytale city Helsinki for Christmas and New Year holidays.

Helsinki is very beautiful city with amazing architecture. A rich history left its mark on its appearance. Arriving here, vacationers will be able to visit squares and museums, admire the beauty of churches and parks. Even a week may not be enough to get to know the capital - attractions here are located literally at every step.

Senate Square (Senaatintori)

It is best to start exploring the city from its cultural and historical center. The name speaks for itself: this is where the building of the Senate (now the State Council) is located. The University is located nearby, and opposite you can see the former residences of wealthy merchants of the century before last. In the middle of the square stands a monument to the emperor Russian Empire Alexander II, who did a lot for the Principality of Finland. Next to him are four figures, personifying law, peace, labor and light. The houses surrounding the square in a ring form a harmonious architectural ensemble.

Church in the rock (Tempeliaukio kirkko)

There are many religious sites in Helsinki, but the most unusual of all can rightfully be called the Lutheran Church in a granite rock. The avant-garde building caused a mixed reaction from society, but now Temppeliaukio is considered one of the symbols of the city, and even the most skeptical townspeople have come to terms with its original style.

The church hall is spacious, and part of the walls is made of raw rock. Light enters through the windows surrounding the huge dome, making it feel unfettered. The acoustics here are excellent, which is why the temple is often used for concerts. However, even on ordinary days it is worth coming here to listen to the magnificent organ, which has more than 3,000 pipes. There are no bells in Temppeliaukio; instead, speakers are installed in the walls, through which bell music written by Tanel Kuusisto is broadcast.

Entrance to the church is free, but you need to pay attention to the schedule of services. In summer, from Monday to Saturday, it is open from 10:00 to 17:45, and in winter from 10:00 to 17:00. On Sundays, Temppeliaukio Church starts an hour later.

Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

One more thing religious building, whose appearance will not leave anyone indifferent, is made in the classic pseudo-Byzantine style. The Assumption Cathedral, built at the end of the 19th century on the basis of the Katajanokka peninsula, is considered one of the most beautiful in all of Finland. It is built on a rock and proudly towers over nearby buildings. The outer walls are made of red brick, and the thirteen onion-shaped domes are covered with gold leaf. The main dome rises in the central part of the square structure, while the bell tower is located on the south side. From the platform in front of the cathedral it opens beautiful view throughout Helsinki.

The cathedral can be visited on all days except Monday. Opening hours: Tuesday-Friday - 9:30-16:00, Saturday - 9:30-14:00, Sunday - 12:00-15:00. If tourists want to attend a service, the time must be specified separately.

Market Square (Kauppatori)

Helsinki Market Square is worth a visit not only for shopping lovers, but also for those who want to see the daily life of the city. Along its perimeter there are retail outlets where everything your heart desires is sold - from delicacies to clothes and souvenirs. It’s worth strolling here slowly, because Helsinki doesn’t tolerate any fuss. In addition to the tents, there is one of the symbols of the city - the Sea Nymph fountain, as well as an obelisk in honor of the Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.

As with any market, trading takes place on weekends in the morning. It is especially interesting in the square during the Christmas holidays, when everything around is decorated with garlands. You can refresh yourself after shopping, and warm up in winter, in small cafes.

Sveaborg Fortress (Suomenlinna)

Sveaborg (“Swedish Fortress”) or Suomenlinna (“Finnish Fortress”) are the names of the same historical site listed World Heritage UNESCO. Currently, the fortification has passed to civilian control, but previously it served an important defensive function.

The fortress was built on islands located two kilometers from Helsinki. Lovers of history, architecture and military affairs will find a lot of interesting things here. Among tourist sites can be distinguished:

• Suomenlinna Museum (Suomenlinna-museo) – ticket from 5 euros;
• Toy Museum (Suomenlinnan Lelumuseo) – entrance from 5 euros;
• Military Museum (Sotamuseon Maneesi) – ticket costs 4 euros;
• Field Marshal Ehrensvärd Museum (Ehrensvärd-museo) ticket from 3 euros;
• Customs Museum (Tullimuseo) – free admission;
• Submarine museum "Vesikko" (Vesikko) ticket price from 4 euros.

Not the entire fortress is open to the public - part of it is reserved for the naval academy, and there is also a prison here. Interestingly, it is the prisoners who are responsible for maintaining order in Sveaborg.

You can only get here by ferry or water bus from the Market Square. A one-way ticket costs 4 euros. Tourists who decide to visit the attraction for the first time should remember that there is no transport on the territory of the fortress, so you need to wear the most comfortable shoes.

Winter garden

The winter garden is a wonderful romantic place, perfect for leisurely walks. This is a kind of oasis wildlife in the middle of the metropolis. Having crossed the threshold, you immediately find yourself in a tropical forest: birds are singing, vines are hanging from the ceiling. However, having walked a little further, one cannot help but notice the order prevailing here: the paths are strewn with gravel, and the animals are located in cages.

The territory is divided into several parts: a pool with fish, a cactus garden and an area of ​​exotic plants and flowers. Entrance to the Winter Garden is free, but it is only open until 15:00, and on Saturday and Sunday - until 16:00, closed on Monday. You can get here by tram No. 2, 4 and 7A, stop Töölön halli.

Museum of Contemporary Art Kiasma

The Kiasma Museum is one of the “youngest” in Helsinki. It is dedicated to contemporary art in the broad sense of the word. The museum is not like classical galleries - rather, it is several creative platforms gathered in one place. There are a total of 25 departments, covering such areas as painting, cinema, photography, sculpture, music, architecture and so on. Exhibitions are constantly updated, and so that visitors can freely navigate the exhibitions, audio guides are issued at the entrance.

The museum is located at Mannerheiminaukio Square 2. Kiasma opens at 10:00, but the opening hours vary: on Tuesday it is open until 17:00, on Wednesday and Thursday - until 20:30, on Friday - until 20:00, on Saturday – until 18:00, on Sunday – until 17:00. Closed on Monday. Entrance ticket costs 12 euros, for students – 8 euros.

Aleksanterinkatu street

Aleksanterinkatu or Alexandrovskaya Street – historical center Helsinki, the richest street in the city. Trade took place here several centuries ago, and nothing has changed in this regard since then. It is here that the stores of the most famous brands are located, as well as the largest shopping center in the capital - Stockmann. A visit to Aleksanterinkatu will be interesting not only for the purpose of shopping - the street itself is very beautiful. You can get here by bus (No. 4, 4A, 7A and 7B) or tram (3B).

Getting to know the city

By bus or tram

Bus tours around Helsinki start from central station(Simonkatu 1) or at the port (Silja and Viking terminals). Inexpensive but very exciting alternative bus tour– exploring the city by tram line 3T. In this case, we recommend starting the excursion from the station, then the tram goes past almost all the main attractions of Helsinki. Along with the ticket, it would be nice to buy an accompanying brochure with a description of the objects that the tram rolls past.

On foot or by bike

The Helsinki Information Center brochure lists popular routes to explore the city and bicycle rental points.

On a boat around Helsinki

In summer, pleasure boats leave every hour (from 10.00) from the Market Square and from Hakanie Square - you can take a trip to the islands off the coast of Helsinki.

Active leisure

Holidays in Helsinki do not have to be limited to visiting the sights - the city has a huge selection of places where you can spend time actively and fun. Of course, first of all, tourists will want to go on a trip by water. This can be either access to the open sea or a walk along coastline on a boat. You can get acquainted with underwater inhabitants without leaving the mainland - at the Sea Life Aquarium. It has more than 50 aquariums, and under the largest of them, where sharks are kept, there is a glass tunnel.

The Vanhankaupunki Historic District is a must-visit for fishing enthusiasts. To catch fish in law-abiding Finland, you need to have a license, but you can freely buy it at the Meri-Info kiosks located in the Stockmann department store on the street. Aleksanterinkatu 52, or at the address: st. Unioninkatu 23.

Winter is perhaps the Finns' favorite time of year, and how can one resist the temptation to go ice skating or skiing, especially if all these activities are available in the city center. In addition to indoor ice parks and sports complexes, located in Helsinki and the surrounding area, ski slopes and skating rinks are also poured directly in the open air.

A Finnish sauna is a must-see for any tourist visiting Helsinki. Steam rooms are installed right in houses, on roofs, and sometimes even on buses, and visiting them is an important part of the culture. One of the most colorful of public saunas is Rauhaniemi. Its peculiarity is that instead of an artificial pool, visitors plunge into the wormwood of Lake Näsijärvi.

Every year, from late August to mid-September, Helsinki is filled with a festive atmosphere for three weeks. There are concerts, performances, and various events organized everywhere. All kinds of performances are held in the capital's cafes and restaurants. The culmination of the festival is “The Long Night of Art”.

Shopping

Finnish-made goods, in particular clothing, shoes and interior items, are of high quality, for which they are highly valued all over the world. The choice of place for shopping depends on the product - you should go to the market for souvenirs and colorful handicrafts, but branded items can be purchased profitably in large shopping centers.

Woolen hats and sweaters with a characteristic pattern are usually brought as gifts from Helsinki. Warm and original, they will find a place in every wardrobe. Of the national brands, Marimeko has recently become popular - the items have an unusual bright design, but at the same time fit well with any style.

In addition, you can pay attention to bath accessories. They are sold both individually and as gift sets.

A traditional souvenir is also a kuksa - a wooden cup with a ring handle. In ancient times, the Finns took them on hikes, tying them to their belts.

The main shopping streets Esplanade and Aleksanterinkatu are lined with branded stores and small boutiques.

All the favorite foods of Finns (and sometimes visiting foreigners) can be bought at the market near the port. Opening hours: Mon. Sat. 6.30-14.00; in summer 15.30-20.00.

Not far from the Pitkasilta Bridge there is a market on Hakaniemi Square. The products here are a little cheaper than at the market near the port.

At the end of Bulevardi Boulevard is the Hietalahdentori market. It's worth visiting the central pavilion. Opening hours: Monday to Friday – 8.00-18.00, Saturday and Sunday – until 15.00.

How to save money in Helsinki

The national currency of Finland is the euro, and at the current exchange rate, even a short trip can be very expensive. To have a good rest and save money, it’s worth remembering some travel tips.

Free entry to museums

The schedule of most cultural sites includes days or hours of free visiting. So, in the Museum of Culture this time is from 17:00 to 20:00 on the first Tuesday of every month, the next day you can freely go to the Ateneum and Kiasma museums at the same time. On Fridays from 11:00 to 16:00 there is no need to pay for a ticket to the Museum of Finnish Architecture. In addition, the city has a huge number of free facilities, including churches and parks.

Saving on food

On most trips, food will be the most significant expense. However, if you cook your own food and buy food at the supermarket, you can save a lot.

Savings on purchases

Avid shopaholics should pay attention to outlets, of which there are many in Helsinki. Discounts can reach up to 70%.

When buying items as a gift, you should ask whether you can get a refund Tax Free. In stores operating under this system, you need to take a special receipt, which is stamped when leaving the country. A refund of paid VAT can be obtained directly from customs.

Directions

Of course, the most best way Save on travel costs by staying close to attractions. If this is not possible, and the tourist will have to use public transport every day, it is worth purchasing single ticket. To do this, you need to contact the city transport department or the tourist office.

Accommodation in Helsinki

Visiting all the attractions is a pleasant, but rather tiring experience, so you need to take care of accommodation in advance. Traditionally, most travelers choose hotels. The capital of Finland is a place where you can choose a suitable hotel that meets all the requirements for comfort, price per room, and range of services. Chain establishments such as Hilton and Radisson do not need a separate description, however, besides them, there are many interesting options. For example, Hotel Kämp is the epitome of elegance and chic. It is not surprising that this is where the world's elite prefer to stay. You can book a room and feel like you belong to the highest strata of society for as little as 200 euros per night.

There are many more economical ones in the capital, but no less interesting hotels. So, Glo Hotel Art is real medieval castle, Radisson Blu Seaside Hotel is an eco-hotel, all the interiors of the rooms are made exclusively from natural materials.

For those who plan to stay in Helsinki for at least a week, as well as tourists with children, it is better to consider this option as renting apartments (apart-hotels). Among them are Citykoti Downtown Apartments, Helsinki Central Apartments, Forenom Helsinki City Aparthotel.

There are also quite a few hostels in the city that will appeal to young people, as accommodation is inexpensive. Not far from the city center there are Eurohostel, Hostel Erottajanpuisto, Domus Academica and others. In the midst tourist season It is better not to delay choosing housing, since good profitable options are quickly sold out. You can find and book a room through our website using the link.

How to get to Helsinki

The fastest way to get to the capital of Finland from Russia is by plane. There are direct flights in this direction from Moscow every day. The journey will take no more than 2.5 hours.

Those who air transport for some reason is not suitable, they can use the services of Russian Railways. High speed train takes tourists from St. Petersburg to their destination in just 3.5 hours. But the journey from Moscow will last significantly longer - 15.5 hours.

Another option, which is also popular, is the ferry from the Northern capital. The approximate travel time is 13 hours, but this solution will be the most profitable for those who are used to traveling abroad in their own car - a car deck is available to passengers.

The capital of Finland is located on the coast Gulf of Finland and is famous for its picturesque landscapes as well as architecture. Helsinki is unique city, which brought together all the best features of Finland. In 2011, the city was recognized as one of the best in the whole world, so you should definitely come here and experience what the capital of Finland is so famous for.

Finnish Helsinki attracts Russian tourists with its location, so many vacationers emphasize that this is one of best options weekend.

The capital of Finland is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The city is the largest in the province of Uusimaa.

Helsinki on the world map

City climate

The capital of Finland is a city with a temperate climate, but a little milder than in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The longest season is winter, but the temperature very rarely drops below -17°C; in summer the temperature does not rise above +30°C. Helsinki in winter is an opportunity to visit ski resorts, and in the summer you can walk around the city and see all the sights. The climate in Helsinki is mild, so there are no large temperature changes, which makes the city attractive to tourists from all over the world.

In autumn there is heavy rain, so many people note that the most favorable time for a trip is July.

What you can see in the capital of Finland - Helsinki

1. Senate Square is the main square of Helsinki and the most popular place among tourists. Here is the Cathedral, which is known as St. Nicholas Cathedral. Also located here are the buildings of the Senate, the university and a monument to the patron saint of Finland - Alexander II.
2. The Assumption Cathedral is the largest Orthodox church in Northern Europe.
3. Sveaborg Fortress was built to defend the city from enemies. Now there are museums here that will tell you in more detail about the history of the state.
4. Korkeasaari Zoo, which is located on the island and has a large number of animals and plants.
5. Temppelaukio Church, which is located in the rock and is a unique landmark of the city. The acoustics here are incredible, so concerts are often held in the room.

Where to stay in Helsinki

There are many hotel options in the capital of Finland, which vary in cost and level of comfort. Here you can stay in budget three-star hotels or more expensive five-star ones. In addition, the location of the hotel is of great importance, so tourists who plan to explore the city center can choose a hotel here so as not to waste time and money moving around the city.

There are economy class hotels in Helsinki, hotels with a large number additional services, such as a spa center and even pet-friendly hotels.

Where to eat

There are a lot of establishments in the city, so tourists have a wide choice. Swedish and Russian cuisines harmoniously merge here. But still the Finns have their own national dishes, which can be tasted both in large tourist places and in small restaurants where the main visitors are local residents.

Meat is very expensive in the city, but the prices of desserts and berry sauces are also not inferior, so it is better not to visit tourist places. Very often menus in Finnish have more offerings.

Map of Helsinki with attractions

1. In Helsinki, it is not customary to haggle in most shops and shopping centers, but you can do it in small markets.
2. Tips in restaurants and hotels are included in the price, so it is not customary to leave extra money.
3. The hotels provide high-quality service regardless of the number of stars.
4. Tourists who come with families can take advantage of a favorable discount system.
5. IN public places Smoking is prohibited, but littering is also prohibited, because the fines here are high and the Finns carefully monitor the environment.
6. You need to have an ID with you to avoid trouble.
7. There are big discounts during the Christmas holidays, so this best time for shopping and buying gifts for loved ones.
8. Tourists who are going to go outdoors should wear tightly closed clothing and take insect repellent so that no one spoils their vacation.
9. Helsinki has many home goods that will not leave anyone indifferent.
10. For many tourist areas There is free internet, also in some buses with the “WLAN” badge and in all restaurants, cafes, bars.

The capital of Finland cannot boast of pompous, lush architecture, a large number of historical attractions or any particularly outstanding cultural heritage. However, Helsinki is a distinctive, atmospheric city and it definitely has its own charm.

City authorities welcome modern architectural projects. Thanks to this, tourists can admire the unusual Temppeliaukio Church and the Kamppi Chapel of Silence. The embankments of the Finnish capital, dressed in granite, turn into discreet and majestic panoramas of the Baltic Sea, where cruise ships and ferries.

Helsinki is a solid, solid and prosperous city. There are no enchanting Gothic cathedrals and castles here, but there is the incomparable Kiasma, a strict northern nature and the triumph of common sense.

The best hotels and inns at affordable prices.

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What to see and where to go in Helsinki?

The most interesting and beautiful places for walks. Photos and brief description.

1. Cathedral and Senate Square

Senate Square is one of three central squares Finnish capital. Sights and main attractions are concentrated around it. tourist routes. The place is decorated architectural ensemble Cathedral, which was erected in the first half of the 19th century after Helsinki was declared the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland. Inside the cathedral there is a monument to the founder of the Reformation - M. Luther.

2. Monument to Sibelius

A monument dedicated to the famous and revered Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. Several streets, a music academy, and a city park are also named in honor of this outstanding historical figure. The monument was erected in 1967 according to the design of E. Hiltunen. This is an abstract composition, representing a pile of metal pipes and a bas-relief of the composer located at the foot.

3. Havis Amanda

City fountain, one of the symbols of the Finnish capital. The project was developed by sculptor V. Wallgren at the beginning of the 20th century. In the middle of the sculptural group there is a statue of a woman - a “sea nymph”, on the sides there are fabulous sea lions. It’s hard to believe, but before the installation of the monument, there were heated discussions for more than two years about the propriety of installing a naked figure in the city center.

4. Sveaborg Fortress

A sea fort located on rocky islands near Helsinki. From the city center you can quickly get there by ferry. Sveaborg is the Swedish name; the Finns call the fortress Suomenlinna. The structure was erected in the middle of the 18th century at a time when Finland was part of Sweden. The fortress was a base for the Swedish fleet and protected the approaches to Helsinki.

5. Temppeliaukio Church

An original temple located in a natural rock. The church is considered one of the most striking attractions of Helsinki. Thanks to the unusual architecture, a stunning acoustic effect is created in the church hall. The idea of ​​progressive design belongs to the Suomalainen brothers. The temple was built in the 70s. XX century and quickly gained fame and popularity. Hundreds of thousands of tourists visit Temppeliaukio Church every year.

6. Assumption Cathedral

Orthodox church, built according to the design of A.M. Gornostaev in the middle of the 19th century. The architectural style of the cathedral is a mixture of Byzantine style and traditions of Russian temple architecture. In 1872 it was given cathedral status. At the moment, the Assumption Cathedral in Helsinki is the largest Orthodox church in Western and Northern Europe.

7. Kallio Church

The granite bulk of Kallio Church is often called a striking creation of the so-called “Finnish” Art Nouveau or “national romanticism”. This rather original structure appeared in 1912 and soon became the main attraction of the entire Kallio region. It is believed that the architect L. Sonck, when designing the building, took as a model the description of the Old Testament Temple of Solomon (including its impressive dimensions).

8. St. John's Church

Lutheran Temple late XIX century, a grandiose creation of the Swedish architect A. Melander. It was built on the spot where the pagan holiday of Ivan Kupala was always celebrated. The church is distinguished by its very impressive size - 2,600 people can fit inside at the same time. The building was built in the “standard” neo-Gothic style, the interior space is decorated with wooden decor, which was worked on by the best Finnish craftsmen.

9. Chapel of Silence Kamppi

The modern building, erected in 2012 according to the design of M. Summanen, N. Sirol and K. Lintul, is an interesting and striking example of the latest architecture in Helsinki. The chapel is not a temple in the usual sense; there are no services held here, but on its territory you can get psychological help or simply take a break from the bustle and oppressive city space.

10. National Museum of Finland

Museum of the History of Finland, where you can trace the development of the land of Suomi (as the Finns call their state) from ancient times to the modern period. The museum exhibitions are quite extensive - from clay shards to the thrones of rulers, from medieval weapons to the technical achievements of Nokia. The museum was opened to visitors in 1916.

11. Design Museum

The museum's exhibitions demonstrate the achievements of Finnish applied art. Exhibitions, international events, and demonstrations of fashion collections of young designers are often held here. The museum was founded in 1873 as a workshop for teaching applied arts. Now this place is considered one of the best modern creative venues in Europe.

12. Natural History Museum

One of the three largest national museums Finland. Exhibition dedicated to natural history and evolution, is located on four floors. Among the especially valuable artifacts are fossil exhibits that are more than a thousand years old. The collection is divided into four parts: “The History of Life”, “The Nature of Finland”, “The History of Bones”, “The Nature of the World”.

13. Science Museum "Eureka"

The museum is located in the city of Vantaa near the Finnish capital. It is an interactive gaming, educational and entertainment center, where visitors of different ages can conduct experiments, explore the nature of physical phenomena and simply have a good time. More complex experiments can be carried out in museum “laboratories” under the guidance of specialists.

14. Athenaeum Art Museum

An art gallery housing a rich collection of works of art. A special place is given to the paintings of Finnish artists - representatives of the Golden Age period in national art. There are also works by recognized world classics: Van Gogh, P. Gauguin, Modigliani, Degas, F. Goya, Cezanne and others. The collection contains a large number of paintings by Russian artists: Levitan, Shishkin, Repin, Polenov.

15. Kiasma

Grand museum contemporary art located in a monumental building modern architecture. The museum specializes in collecting works by Finnish masters and artists from surrounding countries. Often, many works are created by order of Kiasma. Now the museum’s collection numbers about 9 thousand exhibits, but the funds are continuously replenished and the exhibition is growing.

16. Seurasaari – open air museum

The museum is located on the island of the same name west of Helsinki. There are similar exhibitions in many European countries, they are designed to introduce tourists to traditional way of life and life local population. In Seurasaari you can see wooden dwellings of villagers, Finnish saunas, outbuildings, mills, religious buildings brought from all over the country.

17. Market Square

The square was formed at the beginning of the 19th century. Since then, there has been a market here, popular among guests of Helsinki and local residents. On the square you can buy souvenirs, fresh food, excellent fish, and also have a delicious lunch. Ferries depart from here to Suomenlinna. An obelisk in honor of the Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna was erected on the square.

18. Old covered market

Shopping arcades on the shores of the South Bay, located in an elegant brick building of the 19th century. The market offers a large selection of meat, fish, seafood, bread, and a variety of baked goods. There is also a local specialty shop and a sushi restaurant. The old indoor market is a rather atmospheric place with carved wooden stalls, small shops and friendly sellers.

19. Helsinki Train Station

The relatively small building of the capital's railway station is architectural monument beginning of the 20th century. It was built according to the design of the architect E. Saarinen. The Art Nouveau facade is decorated with figures of stone giants created by E. Wikström. There are numerous departures from the station commuter trains and trains long distance to various European countries and to Russia.

20. Waterpark Serena

A water park in the suburbs of Helsinki, which is open to the public all year round. Quite a lot of slides are located in the open air, and during the cool Finnish summer you can often see children frolicking in the water at a temperature of only +19 °C. When purchasing an All Inclusive ticket, you can enter all attractions, bar and restaurant (alcohol for a fee).

21. Sea Life Marine Center

An oceanarium located in the northern part of the Finnish capital. Sea Life aquariums feature a wide variety of marine life: stingrays, sharks, corals, jellyfish, seahorses, exotic tropical fish, and inhabitants of the harsh northern seas. On the territory of the aquarium there are group excursions in Finnish, Swedish and English. The guide also contains information in Russian.

22. Linnanmäki

An amusement and amusement park, quite popular among tourists and local residents. Up to a million visitors come to Linnanmäki every year. Carousels and park rides are manufactured in leading European countries and meet the latest safety requirements. There are several free attractions for children in the park.

23. Korkeasaari Zoo

The zoo is located on the island of the same name. It was founded in 1889 by A. Fabritius. The first inhabitants of the zoo were bears. The territory of Korkeasaari is home to snow leopards, which are now on the verge of extinction. In addition to the magnificent northern animals, at the zoo you can admire reptiles, tropical birds, and representatives of exotic fauna.

24. Botanical Garden

The garden is located near the central part of Helsinki. Rose gardens have been laid out in the park, greenhouses and a system of artificial ponds have been created. In summer, the garden turns into a magnificent blooming and fragrant canvas. Thematic events, various exhibitions, competitions, and actions to protect nature are regularly held on its territory.

25. Esplanade Park

City park, Finnish Champs Elysees and one of the favorite places for walks for local residents and guests of Helsinki. Here you can have a great rest between visiting the many shops and attractions of the Finnish capital. At the eastern end of the Esplanade there is a small concert venue, where progressive musical groups perform in the summer.

Built on peninsulas and islands along the Baltic coastline, Helsinki is sea ​​city. Streets wrap around bays, bridges connect islands, and ferries provide connections to distant islands. It is saturated with the smell of the sea, and the ports are constantly noisy from arriving and departing ships.

Helsinki covers an area of ​​1140 sq. km and includes 315 islands; at least 30% of the city is dedicated to parks and open spaces. However, most of the city's attractions are concentrated within one peninsula.

Story

Founded in 1550 by the Swedish king Gustav I as a trade rival to Tallinn, Helsinki had a difficult time in its early years. The fledgling settlement was threatened by poverty, war and disease. Long time he remained insignificant coastal city, dominated by other, prosperous cities - shopping centers in the Baltic region. The construction of Suomenlinna (the sea fortress) helped raise the status of Helsinki, but dramatic changes began to occur in the city after the Russian victory over Sweden in the Finnish War, as a result of which Finland was annexed to Russia as the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809.

In order to reduce Swedish influence in the country, Tsar Alexander I moved the capital from Turku to Helsinki. Åbo Academy, Finland's only university, also moved here in 1827, and eventually became a University. This move reinforced the city's new role, and in the following decades the city grew and developed at a rate never before seen; All the prerequisites were created for the birth of the modern capital of Finland - Helsinki. These changes are best seen in the business part of the city, which was rebuilt in a neoclassical style and is somewhat reminiscent of St. Petersburg. Just as in other cities, the progress of science and technology was a key factor behind the rapid development.

Although the first half of the 20th century was a difficult and destructive time for Helsinki, the city continued to develop. Modern post-war urbanization of the 70s of the last century tripled the urban population, and this made the city one of the fastest growing centers of the European Union in the 90s of the 20th century.

How to get to Helsinki

You can get here by air, land and water.

Vanta Airport is located 19 km north of the city center. A taxi from the airport to the city center costs 30 euros, the trip will take about 30-40 minutes. There are also special eight-person taxi buses that can take passengers anywhere, the cost of such a trip can vary from 40 to 50 euros. Bus 615 runs regularly between the airport and the train station square in central Helsinki.

You can get to the city by land either by train or by bus. Railway station located in the city center and connected by special passages to the metro. The capital is located at the intersection of three main railway lines, with trains leaving for Turku in the west, Tampere in the north and Lahti in the northeast. Bus routes connect the Finnish capital with Sweden, Norway and Russia. Helsinki's main bus station is located between Kamppi metro station and Mannerheim Street. Local and regional routes also depart from this station.

When to go

The summer tourist season runs from mid-June to mid-August and is characterized by long days and cool nights. It is worth saying that spring and summer in the south of Finland begin a month earlier than in the north. Although many Helsinki establishments and attractions reduce access hours after the end of the tourist season, this time also offers many advantages: you can avoid the period of mosquito activity, especially in the north; enjoy the picturesque foliage of the trees in autumn and enjoy skiing in winter. Spring here is short, but magical: the snow melts and the ice opens, and nature explodes with life, making the transition from winter to summer in almost one day.

You can hope for warm (but not hot) days in Helsinki from mid-May. Summer nights are short and never too dark, while in winter the days are very short and last only a few hours.

Transport

The capital has a very convenient transport network, including buses, trams, metro, ferries and taxis.

Visitors to Helsinki can purchase a single 1, 2 or 3 day pass, which allows unlimited travel on buses, trams, metro and ferries, and allows one guided bus trip to the main attractions. This ticket also allows you to visit about 50 museums in the city. The cost of such a pass (Helsinki Kortti) for an adult is 25 euros for 1 day, 35 euros for 2 days and 45 euros for 3 days, for children from 7 to 16 years old - 10, 13 and 16 euros for 1, 2 and 3 days respectively. Tickets can be purchased at travel agencies and hotels.

You can also purchase a tourist ticket for 1, 3 or 5 days. With this ticket you can travel within Helsinki on all types of public transport, except regional buses. An adult ticket for 1 day costs 5.40 euros, for 3 days - 11 euros, for 5 days - 16 euros. A ticket for children costs 2.70 euros for 1 day, 5.40 euros for 3 days, 8.10 euros for 5 days. Children under 7 years old travel free of charge. Tickets can be purchased at tourist offices and at metro stations.

Metro/bus/train

The Helsinki City Transport Office is located at Rautatientori metro station and is open Monday to Thursday from 7:30 to 19:00 and Friday from 7:30 to 17:00. The city's transport system operates daily from half past six in the morning until half past one at night. A ticket for one trip with transfer rights costs 2 euros for adults and 1 euro for children, a tram ticket costs 1.8 euros without transfer rights.

Ferry

Ferries depart from the South Esplanade (Eteläesplanadi) and head to the islands of Suomenlinna and Korkeasaari.

Taxi

All taxis in Helsinki are equipped with a yellow TAKSI/TAXI sign. Landing fee - 5 euros, then - according to the meter, depending on the mileage. Rates depend on the time of day, they are higher in the evening - from six to ten in the evening, on Saturdays - after two in the afternoon, and on Sundays - from ten in the evening to six in the morning.

Automobile

It is not recommended to travel around Helsinki by car due to the limited number of parking spaces; it is better to walk or use public transport. However, for the outskirts of the city the car is perfectly suited. You can rent a car at the airport or in the city center.

Bike

Bicycle rental costs range from 10 to 15 euros per day. A deposit of 16 euros is required and a passport must be presented.

Nightlife in Helsinki

In recent years, the city has experienced a significant increase in leisure options at night. Friday and Saturday evenings are the busiest times, so if you are planning to go to a club, it is better to show up as early as possible, as you may not be allowed in later. Mostly people gather in the bars of popular hotels, for example, at the Scandic Hotel Continental.

Almost all theater performances are in Finnish or Swedish. However, the language of music is universal, and the cultural landscape of Helsinki is rich in musical events at any time of the year. The main concerts take place in Finlandia Hall. Operas are performed in their original language at the Finnish National Opera.

Some nightclubs have small casinos. If you want something more serious in this regard, go straight to Casino Rey.

The best source of information about current events is the small magazine Helsinki Guide, which can be found in most hotels and travel agencies.

Holidays

Finns know how to have fun, so they take the holidays seriously. One of the noisiest and most fun festivals in Helsinki, especially for students, is the Vappu holiday, celebrated on the night of April 30 to May 1. Each area of ​​the city welcomes the arrival of spring in its own way; The main event takes place in the market square along the esplanade, where crowds gather on April 30 to watch the statue of Amanda Havis wear a white cap specially made for the occasion. The cap is a symbol of the transition to a new stage of life; all graduates of Finnish lyceums receive it. From this moment on, general fun begins, taking the form of a grandiose party on the streets of Helsinki.

The festival takes place in the capital of Finland in late August - early September. This festival, founded in 1968, is dedicated to Finnish and international art and its various types. Every year, approximately 300 thousand people come here to enjoy a full program of classical and contemporary music, dance, theater programs, films and art exhibitions. One of the most famous moments of the festival is the Night of the Arts, when the city streets, parks, churches and galleries are filled with dance groups, orchestras and street singers. Within the framework of this festival there is also a Children's Festival.

The Helsinki City Marathon attracts thousands of runners from all over the world in August. Perhaps one of the reasons for such popularity is that the marathon route passes through the most picturesque places along sea ​​coast in and around the city.

The Baltic Herring Fair is the oldest tradition in the city, its history goes back about 200 years. At the fair, the main Scandinavian product is presented to visitors in different types, and the number of dishes and serving amazes the eye and taste.

Shopping

Finland is famous for its creative approach to interior design. Here you can buy ceramic and glassware, hand-knitted clothes, wood products and rugs. Textiles and jewelry also carry a distinct Finnish spirit, and toy stores are filled with educational toys for all ages. Souvenir abundance is represented by products made from reindeer skin, dolls in national costumes, baskets, spicy liqueur made from yellow cloudberries, gooseberries and stone fruits. And, of course, here you can buy everything you need to go to the sauna.

The most famous places for shopping are in the center of Helsinki - these are the Esplanades, Market Square, Aleksanterinkatu, Iso Roobertinkatu and Bulevardi streets.

Most stores are open Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 17:00 and Saturday from 9:00 to 14:00. Sometimes, especially in summer, shops are open until four in the afternoon on Saturday. Residents of countries outside the European Union can shop in stores with EUROPE TAX-FREE SHOPPING signs, with the expectation that when leaving the country they will receive a refund of value added tax (usually 16%). The amount for which purchases are made must exceed 40 euros.