Why are Russian villages dying out? Russian village in facts and figures. The problem of extinction of villages. The most beautiful villages in the country Names of Russian villages and villages

According to the All-Russian Population Census, as of October 14, 2010, there were 1,287 urban-type settlements in Russia. Of these, 206 have a population of more than 10 thousand inhabitants. No. Urban settlement Region Population, thousand people (2002)… …Wikipedia

Urban planning of the USSR and Russia Documentation Urban planning code · Land use and development rules · General plan · Planning project · Land surveying project · GPZU ... Wikipedia

According to the All-Russian Population Census, as of October 9, 2002, there were 181 rural settlements in Russia with a population of more than 10 thousand inhabitants. Among the largest rural settlements there are 95 villages, 56 villages, 29 towns and 1... ... Wikipedia

According to the results of the 2010 census, among 1,100 cities in Russia, 163 cities had a population of more than 100 thousand inhabitants (as well as 2 more in round numbers), falling into the categories of large, large, largest cities and cities of millionaires. At the same time, 1 more... ... Wikipedia

Urban-type settlement Chervonoye, Ukrainian. Chervone Country UkraineUkraine ... Wikipedia

Coordinates: 55°42′ N. w. 36°58′ E. d. / 55.7° n. w. 36.966667° E. d. ... Wikipedia

12/28/2015 at 6:56 pm · Johnny · 80 590

Top 10. The most beautiful villages Russia

For a long time, the Russian village was unreasonably forgotten. During this period, many rural settlements were completely abandoned or disappeared from the face of the earth. Since 2014, an association has appeared, the object of which is the most beautiful villages in Russia. Settlements that meet certain criteria can participate in the competition. The natural landscape, historical value, appearance and population, which should not exceed 2 thousand people, are considered. There are at least 10 villages in Russia that can compete for the status of the most beautiful and culturally interesting.

10.

One of the most beautiful villages in Russia is located in the Murmansk region. has a history of almost six hundred years and is a decoration Kola Peninsula. In the center of the village is the Assumption Church, which was built at the end of the 17th century without the use of nails. This building is historical and cultural heritage, which is recognized as a monument of wooden architecture. In addition to its historical value, the village is famous for its tourism activities. Atlantic salmon migrates along the Varzuga River, for which you can catch a permit and have a good rest in the lap of nature. The village has long been chosen by the British for tourism.

9.

Locality in Kaluga region can rightfully be called one of the most beautiful villages in Russia. It was once a dying place with few inhabitants. Thanks to the architect Vasily Shchetinin, Nikolo-Lenivets village has turned into a creative gallery in which every wall and fence is handmade from natural materials. This idea was picked up by fellow compatriots and foreign architects. Currently, the village annually hosts a festival called “Arch-Standing”. Picturesque houses fit harmoniously into the original Russian landscape.

8.

The Kamchatka region has a harsh climate, but this does not affect the life of a beautiful and happy Russian village. is located in a fertile place where thermal springs come out of the ground. They are used for heating houses, as well as for health purposes in the local sanatorium. The village is separated from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky by 600 kilometers. The absence of civilization in the usual sense makes it possible for folk art to develop. Songs and dances can be seen and heard on national and rural holidays. The local Rotary Club solves pressing issues of the settlement and has connections with the same organization in Alaska.

7.

In Vladimir region located 10 kilometers from the city Bogolyubovo village, dating back to the 12th century. Judging by the number of Christian shrines and their architecture, the settlement can be called one of the most beautiful villages in Russia. The foundation for the settlement was laid by the Kiev prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, who made this picturesque corner his patrimony. Remnants of the foundation have survived to this day. ancient castle. Church of the Intercession Holy Mother of God It is built on a hill and during the flood period it is surrounded by water. In this village, a boat is not a luxury, but a means of transportation in the spring.

6.

This pearl of Russian architecture is located in the Tver region and can rightfully be recognized as the most beautiful village in Russia. The atmosphere of this settlement takes people back to the pre-Mongol period, when the tops of churches sparkled here and there, and the green meadows were pristinely fresh. The Nativity Church, which was built in the 15th century and is still in operation, is especially beautiful. The Tver principality once claimed primacy in the dispute with the Moscow principality, and then it turned into the periphery of the great state. Its originality is preserved not only in chronicles, but also in Gorodnya village.

5.

Lost in the Altai Territory is the settlement in which the famous writer and actor of our time Vasily Shukshin was born. can confidently be called the most beautiful village in Russia, since it is here that you can see real open spaces covered with meadow grasses and grain crops. The village is considered to be the homeland of the Polovtsy, with whom the Russian princes and their squads fought so bravely. The Shukshin Museum is located in Srostki. Literary readings and even a film festival are held in honor of the famous countryman. The Katun River looks very picturesque, and the houses located on its bank look harmonious.

4.

Moscow and the Moscow region are famous for their higher standard of living than regions more distant from the center. Zhukovka has become the most glamorous town in the entire country. Its streets have been turned into neighborhoods with fashionable boutiques, and its houses are replete with expensive and beautiful things. Over appearance village was worked by a professional architect Grigoryan, who created comfortable conditions not only for local population, but also for fashion brands. Zhukovka became so popular relatively recently, but it is not the most beautiful village in Russia, especially since it is in favor with many wealthy and respected people.

3.

Locality Big Kunaley is located in Buryatia on the banks of the Kunaleyka River. The village appeared at the beginning of the 18th century and since then it has continued to exist and live its own life. Its population is just over a thousand people. The amazing houses in Bolshoi Kunaley are all of them, as if by choice, painted red with blue windows and green fences. The appearance of the settlement resembles a cheerful children's fairy tale. Bolshoy Kunaley can lay claim to the title of the most beautiful and unusual village Russia. A local residents They are happy to support the unusual image of their native village.

2.

There are a lot of vibrant and original settlements in Buryatia and village Desyatnikovo belongs to this category. All the houses look very exotic because they are painted in bright colors. Surrounding nature is also inimitable: endless expanses, green hills and high blue skies are perfectly combined with the work of human hands. In the category of the most beautiful villages in Russia, the village of Desyatnikovo can take its rightful place. Residents preserve not only the appearance of their picturesque town, but also folk traditions and crafts.

1.

In 2019 village of Vyatskoye was officially recognized as the most beautiful village in Russia. The locality managed to pass the competition according to all criteria and win this worthy title. Vyatskoye is located in the Nekrasovsky district Yaroslavl region. On its territory you can see 10 museums of various types and architectural historical monuments. Local residents constantly take part in various competitions and become their winners. Vyatskoye is not only a historical and cultural complex, but also a developing tourist destination region.

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Each of us has our own ideas about what a village and a village holiday are. However, such settlements around the world vary greatly, and at the same time they have something in common: clean air, a small number of inhabitants and a small cozy space.

website I have made a selection of 17 unusual and amazing villages that will win your heart and become the highlight of any trip.

1. Hallstatt, Austria

(Hallstatt, Austria)

Bright, like toy houses, nestled in several tiers on the mountainside, an azure lake with swimming swans, the Alps, which are reflected in the mirror-like surface of the water - all this gives the impression of a fairy tale come to life.

The population of Hallstatt does not exceed 1,000 people. And the location is unique: on a narrow strip of land between the majestic Alpine mountains and Lake Hallstattersee.

2. Simian-la-Rotonde, Provence, France

(Simiane-La-Rotonde Village in Provence, France)

Azure sky, lavender fields, Alpine mountains, Mediterranean cuisine and the charm of Provence - what else do you need to relax your soul? One of the attractions of this place is Agoult Castle (Château des Agoult), built in the 12th century. The 12-sided pyramidal rotunda in the castle gave its name to the town. Summer festivals of ancient music are held there.

3. Rainbow Village, Taichung, Taiwan

(Rainbow Village, Taichung, Taiwan)

On one of the outskirts of the city of Taichung there was a military settlement, which over time was almost abandoned by all its inhabitants. The authorities decided to demolish the houses, and the 86-year-old war veteran, in order to save his yard from demolition, painted the walls of the houses with various characters and patterns. Today it is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Taiwan.

4. Marsaxlokk, Malta

(Marsaxlokk, Malta)

Marsaxlokk is a picturesque fishing village in Malta. There are no storms in the harbor, so the yellow sandstone houses are located close to the water, leaving only a strip for the roadway and pedestrian embankment. The population of Marsaxlokk is only about 3,000 people. Most men fish in the same way as their fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers did in their time.

5. Floating Islands of Uros, Bolivia and Peru

(Floating Islands of Lake Titicac, Bolivia, Perú)

On the border of Peru and Bolivia on Lake Titicaca lives the Uru tribe, which inhabits 42 floating islands on the lake. These islands are built by the uru themselves from reeds. From the same material, residents make boats on which they go for fish. Despite the remoteness from civilization, solar panels can be seen on the reed islands, which allow local residents to watch TV.

6. Alberobello, Italy

(Alberobello, Italy)

Alberobello is famous for its complex of 1,400 trulli houses, recognized by UNESCO as part of the historical and humanitarian heritage. Trulli - limestone residential peasant houses - are unique examples of buildings with dry masonry walls (without mortar). They take their name from the Latin word trulla, which means dome.

7. Monsanto, Portugal

(Monsanto, Portugal)

The small village of Monsanto bears the proud title of “the most Portuguese village in Portugal.” The local saying, “In Monsanto, you never know whether a house is made of stone or a house made of stone,” very accurately reflects the uniqueness of local architecture. Boulders serve as walls and roofs of some houses.

Small houses with red tiled roofs are hidden under huge granite boulders, and the narrow streets seem to have been carved out of stone by a giant.

8. Uchisar, Türkiye

(Uchisar, Turkey)

Uchisar is one of the most densely populated villages in the region. Most of the population, of course, lives in a modern village built near the famous rocks, but there are also living quarters in the rocks themselves.

It is a one-of-a-kind rock settlement with white tuff towers and spiers centered around a central peak. From the top of the rock there is a magnificent view of the entire valley.

9. Longji Rice Terraces, China

(Longji Rice Terraces, Chinese)

Rice terraces in Longji are considered one of the most beautiful in China. Popularly called the Dragon Ridge Terraces, they are located around the picturesque village of Ping An. The terraces are the fruit of many years of work; they have existed almost since the 12th century and were built on the slope of mountains up to 1,100 meters high. The peasants who built them were concerned about their survival in the mountainous regions, and this was their only opportunity to feed their family.

10. Pariangan, Indonesia

(Pariangan, Indonesia)

The active volcano Merapi, which towers over this village in West Sumatra, is one of the country's main natural assets. Pariangan is considered the oldest village of the Minangkabau people, so an inquisitive tourist will be able to learn a lot about the culture and customs of the indigenous population.

There are charming gabled traditional houses, including a 300-year-old structure with rattan walls, and a beautiful 19th-century mosque.

11. Cua Van, Vietnam

(Fishing Village Cua Van, Vietnam)

Cua Van is a picturesque fishing village in Halong Bay. This is one of the largest floating fishing villages, located right on the water surface. You can get there by rowing boats and see local residents mining all kinds of gifts South China Sea. Local residents live in colorful raft houses, and the school is also located in one of the floating houses.

12. “Dutch Venice”, Giethoorn, Netherlands

(Giethoorn, the Dutch Venice, Nederland)

Giethoorn is one of the most beautiful villages in the Netherlands, it is also often called the “Dutch Venice”, as it is located on water canals with a total length of about 7.5 km. The settlement was founded back in 1230. To get around the village there is a bicycle path and numerous water channels. The main transport is rowing boats and boats with electric engines. The houses are located on islands and connected wooden bridges(there are more than 50 of them throughout the village).

13. Bibury, UK

(Bibury, England)

Bibury is considered one of the most beautiful, picturesque and oldest villages in England - the first mention of it dates back to the 11th century. It seems that time has stopped here - ancient houses, beautiful nature and even public transport does not travel so that nothing disturbs the pristine beauty. Poets and artists, as well as filmmakers, come to the village for inspiration - “Bridget Jones's Diary” and films about Mrs. Marple based on the stories of Agatha Christie were filmed here.

Russian village... For some she is a relic of the agrarian past, for others she is the keeper of the Russian soul. One way or another, on average, urbanization “eats” three villages in the country every year. What are the reasons for the extinction and degradation of the Russian village? How many villages are there in Russia today? And which of them are the most beautiful? You will find answers to all these questions in our article.

Unemployment, hopelessness, despondency...

These are the unpleasant words that most often describe the modern Russian village. Broken asphalt, fragments left over from prosperous Soviet times, abandoned farms, destroyed cultural centers, dirt, lack of lighting and central sewerage - this is typical for most of the villages and hamlets of today's Russia. Of course, there are pleasant exceptions. But there are catastrophically few of them.

Many villages in Russia, due to the vast area of the latter, are literally cut off from any benefits of civilization. They can be located several hundred kilometers from the nearest city or regional center. In such villages, people, just like a hundred or two hundred years ago, live by subsistence farming: they sow fields, raise livestock, fish, hunt and drink strong tea from real samovars.

A classic example of the “Russian hinterland” is the so-called Red Beach. This is an area consisting of three villages, lost among the coniferous forests of the Vologda region. Their total population is 10 people. In fact, there are no roads to these populated areas. In winter, it can be overcome only on a snowmobile, and in summer (after heavy rain) - exclusively on a tractor. Water comes from springs, light comes from kerosene lamps, and there is one generator for three villages.

And it’s hard to say how many similar villages are scattered across the vast expanses of Russia.

Russian village: in facts and figures

As of the beginning of 2018, 19.1% of the total population of the Russian Federation lives in rural settlements.
Between 2002 and 2010. (between the last two censuses) the number of depopulated villages in Russia increased by 6 thousand.
Today there are about 150 thousand rural settlements in the country.
About half of them have a population of no more than 100 people.
17 thousand Russian villages do not have a permanent population.
The average density in the Russian Federation is 2 people/sq. km.
The maximum percentage of the rural population is observed in Krasnodar region- almost 45%.
The largest villages in size are located in the North Caucasus.
The largest village in Russia by population is Novaya Usman. 27.5 thousand people live here.

Reasons for the extinction of the Russian village

Village degradation is one of the most pressing socio-economic problems modern Russia. Over the past twenty years, the country's rural population has been constantly declining. And not only due to natural decline (high mortality against the background of low birth rates), but also due to the colossal migration outflow.

Young people categorically do not want to live in the village, trying in any way accessible ways escape to the capital or the nearest large city. As a result, in many Russian villages only old people and openly antisocial elements remain. The share of depopulated villages in some regions of the Russian Federation has already reached 20%.

Why is the Russian village dying out? There are several reasons:

High unemployment rate.
Degradation of social infrastructure (lack of schools, kindergartens, clinics, etc.).
Lower standard of living compared to urban environments.
Frequent lack of housing and communal services (sewage, gasification, lighting, Internet, etc.).

To revive Russian village and return young people to it, a comprehensive state program is required to save it and further development. Of course, this also requires colossal cash.

The most beautiful villages in Russia: list

Let's try to end our article on a positive note. Not all villages in Russia look sad and hopeless. Some of them can surprise you with their color, authentic spirit and original architecture. Below are five ancient Russian villages that are definitely worth visiting at least once in your life:

Varzuga, Murmansk region. The village arose in the middle of the 15th century. Atlantic salmon fishing center.
Bolshoi Kunaley, Buryatia. Quite a large village, its appearance reminiscent of an illustration to a collection of children's fairy tales. The decor of all the houses here is absolutely the same: brown walls, blue windows, green fences.
Vershinino, Arkhangelsk region. Traditional village of the Russian North. It is famous for its unique and perfectly preserved architecture of the 17th-18th centuries.
Okunevo, Omsk region. A colorful, amazing and mystical village in which adherents of five different religions found refuge. The village is a place of attraction for all lovers of esotericism and meditation.
Yelovo, Perm region. An ecologically clean village located on the banks of the Kama. It amazes all guests not only with its magnificent natural landscapes, but also with its amenities. There is asphalt, pedestrian paths, flower beds and playgrounds.

In conclusion...

The process of rural extinction is not a unique Russian phenomenon. In general, it is similar to similar processes in other countries and regions of the planet. But, despite everything, the Russian village still lives, with all its advantages and disadvantages. And, let's hope, in the near future it will begin to revive. After all, as one old Russian proverb says: “The city is a kingdom, and the village is paradise.”

Russian village... For some it is a relic of the agrarian past, for others it is the keeper of the Russian soul. One way or another, on average, urbanization “eats” three villages in the country every year.

What are the reasons for the extinction and degradation of the Russian village? How many villages are there in Russia today? And which of them are the most beautiful? You will find answers to all these questions in our article.

Unemployment, hopelessness, despondency...

A classic example of the “Russian hinterland” is the so-called Krasny Bereg. This is an area consisting of three villages, lost among the coniferous forests of the Vologda region. Their total population is 10 people. In fact, there are no roads to these populated areas. In winter, it can be overcome only on a snowmobile, and in summer (after heavy rain) - exclusively on a tractor. Water comes from springs, light comes from kerosene lamps, and there is one generator for three villages.

And it’s hard to say how many similar villages are scattered across the vast expanses of Russia.

Russian villages are dying out

According to Rosstat, in the first nine months of this year, the population of Russia decreased by 173 thousand people. Villages in the north-west and center of Russia are dying out faster than others. And in the Tver region the pace is higher than the Russian average.

“The most alarming situation in terms of mortality today is observed in the Ivanovo, Tula, Novgorod, Tver and Pskov regions,” Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova named the five regions suffering from a demographic disaster.

Rural areas are especially affected. The government financially encourages the birth of a second and subsequent children, and the same measures are provided at the regional level. But bad roads and lack of work convince more than maternal capital.

“Only relocation from the village to the city gave 20-30% of the salary. It was enough to move to the city. And if you increase the level of qualifications, the difference will be even higher,” says demographer, research fellow at the Higher School of Economics, Salavat Abylkalikov.

In the summer of 2018, experts counted 2,234 empty villages in the Tver region. This is more than in any other region of Russia. The statistics will be updated, because there are many villages in which 1-2 people live.

Every fourth village in the Tver region is abandoned. Dilapidated houses stand far from the main roads. The further you are from the Rossiya highway, the more often this picture occurs.

“The houses are empty. This one is empty, this one is empty, this one is empty. This one is empty, this one is empty and this one is empty. Three houses on the street are residential. That is, a dying village. Well, let’s move on,” says Sergei Krivchenkov, a resident of the Tver region.

Not only businesses and hospitals are closing, but also schools. Due to optimization, schoolchildren have to be transported to large villages and small towns. Villagers call life in the village difficult.

“There were 800-900 people here. I graduated from school in 1972. There were 200 of us - students in this school. But everyone died before my eyes.”

“We’re used to it, but life is, of course, hard. Because they pay little attention to us. The roads are bad. The light turns off. They pay little attention to us.”

The Tver region is in third place both in terms of mortality and population decline. The neighbors in all these ratings are the same old-developed “root” regions of Russia near Moscow and St. Petersburg.

“Therefore, the leaders’ priority is millionaire cities. That’s why all millionaire cities want... or rather, all cities want to get the status of a millionaire or 500,000 population. If this status has been acquired, this is a different level of attention, a different level of funding,” says demographer and research fellow at the Higher School of Economics Salavat Abylkalikov.

Is it necessary and possible to stop this process?

Alexander Merzlov: In our opinion, this certainly needs to be done. But, unfortunately, modern agricultural policy does not contribute to this. Since the rate of depopulation continues to be very high, let's say there is a program for sustainable rural development. But it mainly affects those rural settlements that are located next to large agricultural facilities. Most rural areas are not covered by this program, and the rate of disappearance of villages and their depopulation continues to be very high.

So, in essence, this is an inevitable process?

Alexander Merzlov: No, it depends on the type of agricultural policy. If agricultural policy is focused on large agricultural holdings, if the center of its interests is not the interests of the rural community, but the interests of large agricultural businesses, of course, this is in fact the American model, everything will remain as it is. Our agriculture is developing, milk yields are growing, and productivity is also growing, but at the same time the state of the social sphere continues to deteriorate. It can be said that business continues to concentrate in rural areas.

There are countries with more socially oriented models, for example, France, where greater emphasis is placed on supporting small forms of business. And this leads to a greater variety of agricultural products, and to better care of rural landscapes, and has a very large indirect effect in the form of attractive jobs in a variety of areas. Our country is large enough, and in order to engage in the agro-industrial complex, thank God, we have vast expanses where I don’t want to do it, I mean large-scale farming.

But, in our opinion, in residential areas where people live, in areas with increased recreational and cultural potential, it is necessary to develop small types of farming that will be focused on high-quality food, a varied diet, on the development of recreational, tourism potentials. And in this way we will be able to implement these models.

List of abandoned villages in Russia

Bezenchuksky
Zolotovsky
Grigorievka
Shirokopole
Victory

Bolshechernigovsky
Khasyanovo

Borsky
14th km
Bazhenovka

Elkhovsky
Voskresenovka
Petropavlovka
Zabotskoye
Sosnovka
Berezovka

Isaklinsky
New Bogolyubovka

Kinelsky
platform 1150th km
platform 1157th km

Klyavlinsky
Barkovo crossing
Chistakovka junction
Dolgorukovo
Klyuchevka
Red Elkha
Upper Key

Koshkinsky
Bogodukhovka
Verkhnyaya Ivanovka
New Zubovka
Grannovka

Krasnoarmeisky
Nesterovka

Pokhvistnevsky
Podbelshchina
Sadovaya

Sergievsky
Elkhovka
Bolshaya Lozovka
Queen
Mamykovo
Round Bush
Deep
Slingshot

Syzransky
Petrovka
junction 912 km
junction 950 km
Rizaday crossing
Pechersky Bereg
Priusinsk
Hemp
Yasnaya Polyana

Chelno-Vershinsky
Krivozerikha
Pokrovka
Shihan
Viburnum Bush
Verkhnyaya Kondurcha

Shentala district

Surusha
Balandaevo
Cheremshanka
Svetlaya Polyana
Light Key
Verkhnyaya Khmelevka
Motherland
Wolf