The most popular mode of transport in Italy. Public transport in Italy. Hitchhiking in Italy

Abstracts, coursework and diplomas on geography / Water transport in Italy / Transport development

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Transport

The most important branch of the circulation sphere. The transportation of goods and labor constitutes that part of the sphere of circulation, which is a continuation of the process of production in the sphere of circulation.

In Italy, transport is developing in accordance with the same trends as observed in other European countries - in particular, the share of road transport is increasing, mainly due to a decrease in the share railway transport. This is because road transport is more mobile, requires lower costs for support services and minimizes transshipment work, since it delivers cargo directly to its destination (opportunities that sea and rail transport do not have).

Characteristics of transport development in Italy

The difference between Italy is that here and in domestic cargo transportation, road transport has acquired an exceptionally high share, while the share of all other modes of transport has fallen to an extremely low level.

This deeply specific situation in Italian transport is explained by the special impact that industry has on this sector. The fact is that such sectors of Italian industry as the automobile, rubber, oil refining and building materials industries are developing the fastest, developing the fastest. Industries producing railway rolling stock are slowly developing their production. Therefore, the first group of industries and the monopolies operating in it were able to give a road direction to the development of Italian transport without much difficulty.

Development maritime transport Italy

In Italy, whose borders are washed by more than 90% of the seas and in which most of the territory is coastal areas, the coastal fleet is also important in the internal transport of passengers and especially cargo. Among the sectors of Italian transport, the maritime fleet is of great interest, which is the largest international carrier and is important for the development of Italian foreign trade. Through sea ports passes 90% of goods arriving in Italy for imports and 55-60% for exports. The Italian merchant marine fleet performs the most important national economic functions. This is the main reason that it is overwhelmingly under state control.

In the 70s, the importance of maritime transport and shipping for the Italian economy and, first of all, for its foreign trade increased due to changes in the country's energy balance (more than 86% of total energy needs are met through the import of oil and gas). Shifts that have occurred in recent years in the structure of industry and foreign trade have caused changes in the relationship between various types ships. The rapid development of the oil refining industry has caused rapid growth of the tank fleet. The decline in the importance of coal in the energy sector has caused a decline in the share of the dry cargo fleet. In addition, American coal used in Italy is usually delivered on American ships.

Italian Merchant Navy

The Italian merchant fleet in the post-war years underwent significant quantitative and general structural changes. On the one hand, they were caused by the decommissioning of outdated and heavily worn-out vessels, and on the other hand, by the replenishment of the fleet with new, larger and more modern vessels. Changes in the composition and structure of the Italian merchant fleet for the period 1874 to 1983 are characterized by the following data.

	total quantity	total capacity
thousand reg. tons	tankers	bulk carriers and carts		etc. su ships
shaft. together reg. tons			shaft. together reg. tons

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Transport in Italy

No trip is complete without transport. Trains and planes, buses and sea transport are all an integral part of travel. To visit the best corners of sunny Italy, to get better acquainted with the culture of the country, you should not only plan a route, but also familiarize yourself with all the intricacies of local public transport and traffic.

How to get to Italy

According to the ancient saying, the journey begins with the road. Therefore, you should carefully consider the level of comfort, compare prices and routes. Then, after carefully thought out details, the road will seem pleasant and not exhausting.

Airplane

Thanks to the largest Russian and Italian air carriers: Transaero, S7 Siberia, Aeroflot, Meridiana Fly and Alitalia, direct flights are made daily regular flights from Moscow to Rome, Milan, Venice, Bologna and Turin. The flight duration is only four hours.

There are direct flights to Pisa, Rome and Milan, also departing from northern capital. You can get to Italy (Rome, Trapani, Pisa, Milan) through Finland (from the city of Lappeenanta) and Ukraine (Kyiv) with Wizz Air and Runair.

Trains

Do you prefer to travel around Europe by train? Then routes from Moscow to Nice have been specially developed for you, which passes through Bolzano, Verona, Milan, San Remo, Bordighera and Genoa. Please be patient and have provisions; the journey will last 57 hours.

Bus

The least comfortable and too long journey to Italy can be made by bus with transfers in Germany. But the cost of the trip will be equal to a plane flight, and the journey will take more than two days.

Ferries from Greece

If it so happens that you are traveling to Italy via Greece, then pay attention to passenger ferries. They depart daily from Greek ports and arrive at their destination within 10-35 hours. Some routes pass through Albania. Cost from 40 to 300 euros per trip.

Intercity communication

All major cities in Italy, as well as resort areas are connected by a web of roads, including railways, along which thousands of travelers and residents of the country travel every day, discovering new things in seemingly familiar places.

Air transport

In every major Italian city There is own airport, which receives daily intercity flights. Ticket prices are far from low (there is a system of discounts for students and pensioners).

Suburban and intercity trains

In the last decade, the country's entire railway system has been greatly modernized. Thus, along with ordinary trains, high-speed express trains (High-Speed Trains) began to run between the largest tourist and economic centers, on which you can cover vast distances in a matter of hours. Tickets for such express trains are booked two months in advance, which allows you to avoid unpleasant situations on the road and at the railway station.

IntercityTrains, or simply intercity trains, run between larger and smaller populated cities, stopping even at very small stations. It is because of these stops that the journey becomes much longer compared to High-Speed Trains. Booking tickets (first and second comfort class) is also possible two months in advance, however, an additional fee will be charged for reserving a seat.

On local trains, Local Trains, whose schedule overlaps with the schedule of educational institutions, when purchasing a ticket, a seat reservation is not made, they are only punched (the date and time of punching are entered in a special machine, after which the ticket becomes suitable for travel) immediately before the trip. Such trains are not comfortable, but the ticket prices are extremely low. Local trains run short distances - to neighboring settlements, making many stops along the way.

Buses

No less comfortable than high speed train, you can travel around the country on buses of the Italian company Cotral and other carriers. Tickets must be purchased at stations that exist in each city. Thus, the cost of a trip from Venice to Rome will be 80-100 euros, and the travel time will be up to 10 hours. You can get from Rome to Naples in 6 hours; The ticket price will be 60 euros.

If you purchased a ticket in advance, do not be late - the bus may leave a couple of minutes earlier than the stated time.

Sea communication

Since Italy is surrounded by sea, each port has ferries that deliver passengers (as well as their personal cars) to neighboring cities. Traveling by ferry is pleasant, comfortable, and quite profitable.

Urban transport

If you find yourself in Italy, you will find here the metro (Rome and Milan), trams, buses, trains (in large cities) and taxis. In short, there will be no problems with moving.

Tickets for city public transport are sold at kiosks (ATAS, tobacco or newspaper), in special machines (and they do not give change), in the metro, at the railway station and at large bus stops. At night, you can buy a ticket from the driver (bus or tram), but it will cost 1 euro more.

City transport tickets

If you buy a ticket for one trip (Biglietto semplice B.I.T.), it is valid for 100 minutes after the first pass on any type of public transport. This trip costs one and a half euros.

Transport Italy

Using the same ticket, you can make an unlimited number of transfers within the allotted minutes.

For those who plan to ride around the city all day, it is more profitable to purchase a ticket for 6 euros (Biglietto giornaliero B.I.G.), valid throughout the day (from the time you board the transport until midnight).

Along with them there are weekly and three-day passes. The cost is 24 and 16.5 euros, respectively. The passenger's name is written on the seven-day pass.

Cost of a trip on a sightseeing bus: for adults - 13-16 euros, for children under 12 years old - 7 euros, for children under 5 years old - free.

Buses and trams

At night (from three o'clock in the morning to half past six in the morning) buses run on twenty routes, departing every 30 minutes from the railway stations. They send from them sightseeing buses. Their working hours are from 8 am to 8 pm. Night bus stops marked with owl signs. Trams have a similar operating schedule.

Italian city trains

Trains (both express and regular) connect airports and railway stations major cities(Rome, Milan, Genoa, Bologna and others) with remote areas and suburbs. The fare is 8-14 euros. Trains run every half hour.

Taxi

It is not customary to hail a car on the street. It’s easy to order a taxi at a hotel, restaurant, or even from a pay phone. When calculating the cost of the trip, include in the amount the time the driver will spend driving up to the place of call, 4 euros for the first three kilometers of the journey and 0.7 euros for the next. At night, be prepared to pay an additional 1.76 euros per kilometer. Holiday and Sunday surcharge 0.59 euros.

Metro

The metro is a very convenient way to quickly move around the city. Rome has two intersecting metro lines, Milan has four. Tickets are sold at all stations. Trains leave every five minutes.

Rent

Renting a car, bicycle (10 euros per day, from 30 euros per week) or a moped (25-80 euros) makes sense when planning a visit to the surrounding attractions. People over 20 years of age with at least one year of driving experience can rent a car if they have an international driver's license and insurance. Traffic in Italy is on the right and very dense. Not all drivers follow traffic rules. Be careful on the roads and do not give in to the temptation to become like violators, the fines will be very high.

Venice city transport

Water buses, gondolas and river taxis run around the city from 6 am until almost 11 pm. Ticket prices vary - from 8 to 50 euros.

When choosing your mode of transport, decide what is your priority: speed of movement or a route laid through places that allow you to admire the amazingly beautiful nature of Italy.

OmniWorld > Italy > Notes >

Climate in Italy

Italy is called sunny, but the weather here is very capricious. The country is located on the Apennine Peninsula. Despite small area, the terrain varies significantly between regions. It is precisely because of this, and also because of the significant extent from north to south, that the climate in Italy has a number of features that cannot be ignored when planning a trip.

What to bring from Italy

When we hear “shopping in Italy,” we most often think of fashion boutiques, then we think of olive oil, pasta, cheese; someone may have associations with Venetian glass or carnival masks. So what is next? Next, we bring to your attention a list of popular, original and simply interesting souvenirs and other goods that may interest you, and some will even turn out to be very useful.

Italian cuisine

The first thing that comes to mind when mentioning Italian cuisine is pizza, pasta and risotto. This is how Italian cuisine appears to us in any restaurant, but in the country itself it is much more diverse, and one of its features is the difference in recipes for the same dishes in different countries. different regions countries.

Features of Italian cuisine

The cuisine of the northern regions is characterized by the use of meat and dairy products (only sauces are prepared from minced meat, and large pieces are served as main dishes), and for the southern regions - vegetables and seafood.

Transport system of Italy

Italy is one of the most economically prosperous countries in Europe. And this can be seen not only by the level of well-being of its residents, but also by the quality of transport links within the country, which is a necessary factor for the development of business and tourism.

Net highways well developed in Italy and is evenly distributed throughout the country, although there is some predominance of roads in the north of Italy compared to the south. However, this does not in any way affect the quality of road transport.

Transport in Italy

Thanks to the dense road network, 80% of freight traffic and 90% passenger transportation carried out by cars.

If speak about external transport, then sea transport predominates here. There are more than a thousand ships in Italy and they cope well with the largest cargoes and long distances.

There is also great demand for rail transportation. Dense network railways connects large and small cities in Italy. Like roads, many railways were built directly on the slopes of mountains. This explains the large number of bridges and tunnels that exist on any road in all parts of the country. Today, the Italian authorities pay special attention to railway transport, modernizing it and investing heavily in the repair of existing trains. Not only the technical equipment of railways is undergoing changes and improvements, but their total number is also increasing. This already makes it possible to quickly and easily get to any city in Italy.

Sea transport also plays a big role in the country's external and internal transportation. This is due to the significant length coastline, general position Italy on the sea route, as well as the presence of islands that are part of the country. 144 ports - that’s how many there are on the shores of Italy. The largest is the port of Genoa, which is known throughout the world. This port is the "sea gateway" for ships from North-West Italy and Switzerland. The second largest port in terms of cargo turnover after Genoa is Trieste. He sends ships to the countries of the Middle East, East Asia and Africa. Thanks to the development of the petrochemical and oil refining industry in Italy in recent years, the cargo turnover of two more large ports of the country - Taranto and Augusta - has increased significantly. The largest passenger port in Italy is Naples, which is the center of connections with Sardinia, Sicily and other islands.

Due to lack large rivers in Italy river transport is poorly developed here. The same cannot be said about civil aviation. There are many flights daily from Italy to the most different countries peace. The largest airports in the country are Rome's Leonardo da Vinci and Milan's Linate and Malpensa.

It is very important for Italy that all trade routes are constantly functioning and in the best condition, since the foreign economic relations countries. What does Italy import? First of all, products of the engineering industries, agricultural goods, shoes, clothing, industrial equipment and raw materials for various industries. Italy has the most active foreign trade with Germany and France. The hotel business of this country serves more than 50 million tourists from all over the world per year; the entire infrastructure of Italy is ready to work for guests, which is why it ranks first in Western Europe in terms of the number of hotel beds.

How to get around Italy

Italy's road and transport infrastructure is well developed, which allows you to move around the country without problems.

Transport in Italy

However, there are many nuances that need to be taken into account when planning travel routes around Italy.

First of all, you need to decide how you will travel. There are different options here.

Around Italy by car

You can rent a car and travel around cities and towns. The advantages of this method of organizing movements are quite obvious. At a minimum, you will not be limited by public transport schedules, and will be able to visit many places where it is difficult for a “horseless” tourist to reach.

At the same time, renting a car is an additional expense item, and you will have to pay not only for rent, insurance and gasoline, but often also for parking. It should also be understood that in most Italian cities the historical center is closed to non-resident cars. If your budget allows, then everything is simple - you can always take a taxi and go to places where they won’t let you in with your own car. But if you are planning to travel around Italy by car and, at the same time, want to save money, then:

You should focus on hotels that provide their guests with the opportunity to park their car for free and, ideally, in their own closed parking lot;
You need to think in advance about how you will get from the hotel to the center of a city and its attractions.

In addition, you should understand that traffic jams often occur in large cities and at the entrances to them. Therefore, when planning a road trip around Italy, you should focus mainly on small provincial cities, and it is better to exclude long-distance trips in principle. It is clear that for a traveler from Russia, traveling 300–400 km in a day is not a problem. However, there are so many attractions in Italy that, having traveled these same 300–400 km, you are almost guaranteed to miss a lot of interesting things. Read more about where and where you can go in Italy here.

As for car rental points, there are a huge number of them in Italy. To find suitable ones and book a car, you can resort to sites such as www.rentalcars.com and www.economybookings.com. However, these sites do not cover small local rental companies, which often work no worse than global giants like Hertz or Avis, and, moreover, have much more affordable rates. It makes no sense to list their names here. In each specific case, they can be found using the most common Internet search engines.

Around Italy by public transport

Getting around Italy by public transport is often no less convenient than by car, and in some cases even more convenient. First of all, this remark concerns long-distance movements. Between the cities and regions of Italy there is a wonderful air service. Moreover, domestic Italian flights are operated not only by national air carriers like Alitalia and Bluexpress, but also by EasyJet, Ryanair, Volotea and many other airlines. You can always find flights to the destinations you are interested in using ticket search engines www.skyscanner.ru, www.aviasales.ru, www.momondo.ru, etc.

It is also convenient to travel long distances in Italy by rail. Travelers have access to both high-speed and night trains, as well as regional trains. Find up-to-date information O railway routes, and you can also buy online tickets on the official websites of Italian railway carriers: see www.trenitalia.com and www.italotreno.it.

From the point of view of traveling short distances, it is also convenient to use rail transport. Almost the entire country is covered by the railway network. Moreover, railway stations, as a rule, are located in close proximity to historical centers cities of Italy. For example, in Venice there is railroad station Santa Lucia, from where it is easy to walk to all the main attractions. The Santa Maria Novella station in Florence is also located almost in the city center, literally a ten-minute walk from the famous Florentine Duomo. The same can be said about many other cities.

Thus, traveling around Italy by rail, in addition to ease of movement, you will get an excellent opportunity to live, on the one hand, not far from the station, and on the other hand, close to all the most interesting things. This is again convenient: you don’t need to lug your luggage across the city and many attractions can be reached on foot. About where it is better to live in popular cities Italy read here.

In cases where it is not possible to get somewhere by train, buses and water transport will come to the rescue. There are many corresponding carriers - each region has its own. It is pointless to list them within the scope of this article. More detailed information can be found in articles about travel routes in Italy.

Finally, it is worth adding a few words about transport communication between cities and airports in Italy. In most cases, getting from the airport to a nearby city is not difficult. All necessary information can be found on official airport websites. However, sometimes it is more convenient to take a taxi or use a transfer. Moreover, the transfer can be ordered in advance. From this point of view, it makes sense to pay attention to sites such as kiwitaxi.ru.

In conclusion, let us pay attention to one more important point. Traveling around northern and central Italy is much more convenient than traveling through the southern regions. The network of roads and railways in the north is much better developed, the quality of roads is generally higher, public transport runs more often and deviations from schedules occur less frequently. So if you don't own Italian and have no experience independent travel, then it’s better to start with the northern or central regions of Italy. Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio - traveling to all these regions is both interesting and easy. For more information on how to create a travel itinerary for Italy, read the corresponding article.

In domestic transportation of goods and passengers, road transport plays the main role, followed by railway transport. The country ranks among the first in the world in terms of railway electrification. A dense network of modern highways and railways connects the cities of Northern Italy.

Due to the elongation of the country from north to south, its network of railways and roads developed mainly in the meridional direction. Latitudinal communications, with the exception of the Padan Plain, are insufficient. Many roads and railways in Italy are laid on steep mountain slopes and therefore have many bridges and tunnels, which increases the cost of their operation.

In Italy, the role of road transport is exceptionally large: it accounts for 3/4 of all land transport of goods. About half of the roads are in northern Italy; in the south of the country the density of the road network is much less.

Railways are inferior in importance to roads, but now railway construction began to invest more capital than in motor transport. Some main lines stand out sharply in terms of technical equipment. As a result of such modernization, for example, on the Rome-Florence line, the train can reach speeds of up to 200 km/h.

Maritime transport plays a very important role in both internal and external transportation of the country. This is explained by Italy’s position on the Mediterranean waterway, the long coastline, and the presence of islands within the country. There are 144 ports on the shores of Italy.

The cargo turnover of the ports is dominated by oil and other mineral raw materials. The largest Italian port of Genoa is one of the most important in the entire Mediterranean. Genoa serves as the gateway to the outside world for the entire North-West of Italy, as well as for Switzerland. Genoa's main rival and competitor on the Adriatic is Trieste, second in Italy in terms of cargo turnover and one of the most important oil ports in Europe. Through Trieste, Northeastern Italy is connected with other countries of the Mediterranean, Near and Middle East, East Africa and East Asia.

Port cargo turnover has increased significantly Southern Italy(Augusta and Taranto), which is explained by the development of the oil refining and petrochemical industries.

One of the largest passenger ports in the country, Naples is the center of connections between the Apennine Peninsula and Sicily, Sardinia and other islands.

River transport in Italy is poorly developed due to the lack of large rivers. Developing quite quickly civil Aviation Italy. Air lines connect the largest cities in Italy with many cities in Europe, as well as other continents. The country's largest airports - Leonardo da Vinci near Rome, Malpensa and Linate near Milan - serve as important centers of the international airline network.

For economic development Foreign economic relations are vitally important to Italy. Almost 15% of all imports are oil. Italy also imports raw materials for metallurgical and other industries: machine tools, industrial equipment, timber, paper, different kinds food. The main export items are mechanical engineering products, mainly vehicles, various equipment, writing and calculating machines, agricultural and food products, especially fruits and vegetables, canned tomatoes, cheeses, ready-made clothes, shoes, chemical and petrochemical products. Trade with France and Germany is especially active.

50 million people visit Italy every year. foreign tourists, mainly from Germany, France, USA. In Italy, the material base for receiving large quantity tourists. In terms of the number of hotel beds, it ranks first in Foreign Europe.

Involuntarily, people begin to think about how the country’s transport network is organized. This issue is especially of concern to Russians who are accustomed to road difficulties.

Roads and transport services in Italy are at the proper level, as befits the status tourist country. Trains, buses, cars - movement around the country is organized, systematized and streamlined. So, tourists, feel free to plan your travel routes around Italy.

Rail transport in Italy

Trains in Italy, as elsewhere, run on a strict schedule in accordance with established routes. Rail connections connect everything Largest cities into a single transport network. Traveling around Italy by train is chosen by people who, leisurely and in comfortable conditions, want to admire the picturesque beauties of the Italian provinces and its amazing landscapes.

The level of comfort while traveling depends on the desires and capabilities of the traveler himself.

Train tickets in Italy are redeemed on the platform, and not in the train carriage. The Italian railway has flexible tariffs and various discounts. Therefore, when purchasing a ticket, indicate the age of the children and present a student ID. In general, perhaps the most convenient way to travel around Italy is by rail.

If you want to ensure the most comfortable conditions for yourself, buy tickets for Eurostar Italia or TBiz class trains. Passengers on these trains can count on:
Exact compliance with the schedule, eliminating delays in the arrival and departure of trains.
High speed of movement.
Limited number of stops along the entire train route. Stops at intermediate stations are excluded. These trains have the green light on all lines.
Comfortable coupe. Dining car. High level of service. The carriages even have electrical outlets.

Traveling with friends or family? It will be more convenient for a group of travelers to take an Intercity class train. These intercity trains are equipped with six-seater compartments. Having a pleasant time in the company of friends will make the trip interesting and tireless.

When choosing trains of the “Regionale” and “Interregionale” classes, be prepared for the fact that the speed of movement may seem slow to you, and these trains often stop at minor stations and stand for a long time on station branches of large cities. But the price of tickets for these trains is pleasantly surprising.

Do you have a long way to go? For example, traveling from Rome to Milan by train takes a long time. So why not combine your trip with a night's sleep? Having bought a ticket for a “Treni Notte” class train, you can board the train in the evening at the Rome railway station, sit comfortably in a comfortable compartment and sleep the whole way to the soothing sound of the wheels. In the morning, having rested and slept well, you are surprised to find that the train is already arriving in Milan. Many tourists, by the way, do just that.

In Italy (especially in tourist areas), buses may not stop at stops unless requested by a passenger. When at a bus stop, simply wave your hand to show the driver that you are about to board the bus. Bus interiors are equipped with special buttons.

Attention! Rail transport in Italy has its own characteristics. When planning to use it, you need to keep a few important points in mind.

1. It is better to book train tickets in advance. This can be done by phone or on the Railway Company website. If you decide to purchase a ticket immediately before the trip, at the ticket office, then arrive at the station in advance. There are sometimes a lot of travelers, the queues for tickets are long and move at a snail's pace. It is possible that you may simply not get tickets for the planned flight.

2. When ordering a train ticket on the carrier company’s website, remember that, first of all, you will be offered only expensive tickets. If you don’t want to overpay for travel, click on the “other options” button - perhaps among them you will find cheaper trains and tickets. And one more thing: after paying for the purchase of a ticket remotely, do not forget to remember (write down) the code that will allow you to get your ticket from the ticket machine at the station.

3. If you do not put a special stamp on your ticket confirming the ticket, then, in fact, even though you have a ticket in your hands, you will find yourself in the position of a “hare” - a free rider. When checking tickets in this case, you will have to pay a fine (more than 50 euros). Tickets are stamped in small machines installed in the station building. They are easy to recognize: they are bright yellow and have the inscription “Convalida”.

4. If you have a lot of trips to do, then it makes sense to think about purchasing a travel ticket.

You should not argue with a traffic policeman in Italy; the fine for a violation may double. An attempt to “agree” may result in arrest for the offender.

Knowing about all the features of traveling around Italy by train, the trip will seem convenient and enjoyable. The main advantage of railway transport is reliability and safety.

Road transport in Italy

Road transport is the choice of those travelers who independently plan their travel routes around the country. Italy's roads are unevenly distributed. The northern provinces are connected by an extensive network of highways, their quality corresponds to European standards. And here southern cities and the provinces, unfortunately, cannot boast of this. The length of highways here is much shorter, and the quality of the road surface is not always pleasing to motorists.

The cost of renting a car starts from thirty euros per day. This amount includes unlimited mileage for the duration of use, car insurance, third party damage insurance, taxes. Don't forget to check the car's condition before picking it up from the rental company. Theft insurance is not always included in the daily price. Majority gas stations in Italy they work until 19.00, with a break for siesta. Most gas stations are closed on Sunday. Gas stations on main highways are still open 24 hours a day.

When choosing to travel around Italian cities by car, you need to know:

Many highways in the country require tolls. You can pay for travel on the highway at special booths (they say “Viacard”). They are usually installed at the entrance to the highway, and in some cases at the exit. Sometimes you have to pay for travel only for a certain section, for example a bridge. You can pay your way credit cards, cash, or buy a special prepaid card.

Italian roads are often crammed with modern road video surveillance devices. They record everything that happens on the section of road being monitored: who drove, at what speed he drove, what rules he violated. Fines for violations are sent to the violator's postal address. If a resident of another state violates the rules, he, in addition to the fine itself, will be forced to pay the cost of the measures taken by the Italian police to search for him. And this is not a small amount! Therefore, when traveling along the roads of Italy by road, be extremely attentive, careful and in no case violate the traffic rules. Needless to say, without knowing these rules, it is better not to drive at all!

Never drive while drunk. Driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol (drugs) is punishable very strictly, including imprisonment.

If you take a child with you on a trip, remember that children under 10 years old should only be in the back seat and only in car seats!

Seat belts must be fastened!

And finally, one more piece of advice: buy a road map of Italy, or use a navigator. This way you will definitely not get lost in an unfamiliar country.

Bus transport in Italy

Illegally parked cars with rental plates are the first to attract the attention of the police. You can usually park near hotels for a short period of time. It is prohibited to park in parking lots limited by the yellow line. Parking limited by the white line is free, the blue line is paid through a meter (disco orario, time limit - 30, 60 or 90 minutes).

Traveling around Italy by bus is very popular among both local residents, and among tourists. Bus transport in Italy is represented by quite a large number of companies dealing with both urban and intercity transportation. The largest of them are united in a special alliance - “IBus”. Services for the transportation of goods and passengers provided by its member companies are systematically distributed and cover almost the entire territory of Italy. IBus also provides the opportunity to use bus routes when leaving Italy for another country.

You can find out the routes, departure and arrival times of buses, as well as order tickets online, on the official website of the IBus alliance.

Water transport in Italy

To come to Italy, you can use by water transport. Motor ships, ferries, pleasure boats, and gondolas constitute quite serious competition for rail and road transport. Their popularity among tourists (and the Italians themselves, too, for that matter) is due to the fact that Italy is washed by seas on three sides at once, and the country’s territory is completely dotted with large and small rivers and canals. In addition, Italy includes island provinces: Sardinia, Sicily and others. Ferry crossing- the most profitable and convenient way to communicate with the mainland. Ferries run along given routes periodically, sometimes making 4-5 trips a day, depending on the demand for this type of transport. The ferry carries both passengers and ground transport: buses, cars; as well as cargo, including container cargo.

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Transport

In Italy, transport is developing in accordance with the same trends as observed in other European countries - in particular, the share of road transport is increasing, mainly due to the reduction in the share of rail transport. This is because road transport is more mobile, requires lower costs for support services and minimizes transshipment work, since it delivers cargo directly to its destination (opportunities that sea and rail transport do not have).

Development of maritime transport in Italy

In Italy, whose borders are washed by more than 90% of the seas and in which most of the territory is coastal areas, the coastal fleet is also important in the internal transport of passengers and especially cargo. Among the sectors of Italian transport, the maritime fleet is of great interest, which is the largest international carrier and is important for the development of Italian foreign trade. 90% of goods imported into Italy and 55-60% of exports pass through seaports. The Italian merchant marine fleet performs the most important national economic functions. This is the main reason that it is overwhelmingly under state control.

In the 70s, the importance of maritime transport and shipping for the Italian economy and, first of all, for its foreign trade increased due to changes in the country's energy balance (more than 86% of total energy needs are met through the import of oil and gas). The shifts that have occurred in recent years in the structure of industry and foreign trade have caused changes in the ratio between different types of ships in the Italian fleet. The rapid development of the oil refining industry has caused rapid growth of the tank fleet. The decline in the importance of coal in the energy sector has caused a decline in the share of the dry cargo fleet. In addition, American coal used in Italy is usually delivered on American ships.

Italian Merchant Navy

total quantity	total capacity
	thousand reg. tons	tankers	bulk carriers and carts	etc. su ships
		shaft. together reg. tons		shaft. together reg. tons

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Ground modes and air transport.

In a country like Italy, elongated in its configuration, jutting deep into the Mediterranean Sea in its very center, located at the intersection of many international transport routes As the European Economic Community's southern outpost on trade routes across the Mediterranean, transport, both internal and external, plays a very important role. Italy has a well-developed transport network. The network of railways and roads in Italy developed mainly in the meridional direction. Latitudinal communications are insufficient, with the exception of the Padan Plain. Many roads and railways are built on steep slopes, in tunnels or over numerous bridges and viaducts, making them very expensive to build and maintain. In international road and rail transport, roads built in the Alps play an important role, especially through the passes of Simplon, Mont Cenis, Tarvisio, Saint Gotthard, Brenner and others, under which tunnels are made.

In Italy, more than 90% of passengers and more than 80% of cargo are transported by car. Out of 293 thousand km. About half of the roads are in Northern Italy. Italy has 1/4 of all European motorways (about 6 thousand km), including the world's oldest motorway, Milan-Varese, built in 1924. The main transport artery of the country is the Autostrada de la Sol, running across the whole of Italy, from Turin through Milan, Florence, Rome, Naples to Reggio Calabria. Five international highways pass through Italy: London-Paris-Rome-Palermo, London-Lausanne-Milan-Brindy, Rome-Berlin-Oslo-Stjordan, Rome-Vienna-Warsaw, Amsterdam-Basel-Genoa. The Italian vehicle fleet numbers over 20 million vehicles, including about 18 million passenger cars.

Railway transport could not withstand the fight against such a powerful competitor and was in a state of crisis for a long time. Only in recent years has the state, which owns 82% of the railways, begun to invest in their enhanced development. Some lines have been modernized, the Rome-Florence high-speed railway (“Diretettissima”) has been built, on which trains can reach speeds of up to 200-260 km per hour, this route forms part of the future high-speed highway connecting Milan with Florence, Rome, Naples. The total length of railways is 19.8 thousand km (including sidings), of which 10.2 thousand km are electrified.

With the development of the oil refining and petrochemical industries, the network of pipeline transport has grown. The total length of main oil and gas pipelines exceeds 8 thousand km. Some of them are of international importance, for example the pipeline supplying Russian gas to the North of Italy, the Trieste-Ingolstadt oil pipeline. An oil pipeline was laid from Genoa to Milan, Munich, and Switzerland.

Civil aviation is developing quite quickly. She occupies a prominent place in Western Europe. Major airports(Fiumicino near Rome, Linate near Milan) serve as important hubs for the international network of airlines connecting Europe with other continents. For domestic transport, the airports of Naples, Palermo, Venice, and Genoa are important. Air Transport The country is 75% controlled by the state through the Alitalia company.

River and sea transport.

The different values of the share of maritime transport in import and export transportation in physical and value terms are due to large differences in the nature of the goods transported. Import transportation is predominantly associated with the import of such bulk cargo as oil, coal, ore, grain, timber and certain types of food, which, despite their large physical volume, have a relatively lower cost. In contrast, export transportation is mainly associated with the export to foreign markets of a wide variety of industrial products, which, despite their smaller physical volume, have significantly high cost. For these reasons, the physical volume of imported goods is 5-6 times higher than the volume of exported goods. For maritime transport, Italy has a wide network of large and small ports, the ship and cargo turnover of which is increasing from year to year. In terms of port cargo turnover, Italy ranks 1st place among Mediterranean countries.

River transport in Italy is poorly developed due to the lack of large rivers. Small passenger ships of the type “ water buses”, cargo is transported in small quantities.

Italy has a fairly large merchant fleet in terms of the number of ships. It ranks eighth among the capitalist countries of the world (after Liberia, Japan, Great Britain, Norway, Greece, the USA and Germany). Among the EEC countries, Italy ranks 3rd in terms of the total gross tonnage of merchant fleet vessels, second only to Great Britain and Germany. Along with ships that fly the Italian flag, Italian shipowners have a significant number of ships registered in other countries and used in foreign markets under “flags of convenience”. The total number of such ships reaches 20-25% of the total tonnage of the Italian merchant fleet. These vessels are not taken into account in official statistical publications on the Italian merchant fleet.