The city of Yuryev was built in. Central Russia. From Yuryev to Tartu
Since ancient times, residents of Vladimir Opolye have been engaged in agriculture. The fertile lands in the Koloksha Valley allowed them to grow grain and graze livestock. According to one version, it was active farming and large pastures that became the reasons for the appearance of vast forest-steppes here.
In 1152, by the will of Moscow Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, a settlement was founded at a trade crossroads. It was named after Prince Yuri and its location - on the field, however, at first they wrote about the city “Gyurgev” or “Gergev”. Yuriev-Polsky grew quickly and by the beginning of the 13th century became the center of a small principality.
In 1238, Rus' was attacked by Mongol troops, and the city was severely devastated. Warlike nomads raided and devastated Russian lands several more times. The invasions of the khans Tokhtamysh (1382) and Edigei (1408) caused great damage to the city. In the 14th century, Moscow was chosen as the capital of the princely lands, and the role of Yuryev-Polsky noticeably decreased. For a long time it did not develop and turned into a quiet county town.
In 1968, one of the episodes of the film “The Golden Calf”, a film version of the novel of the same name by Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov, was filmed on the streets of the city. Old pre-revolutionary buildings and Shopping arcades served as the scenery for the city of Arbatov invented by the writers. After some time, “Golden Calf” became one of the tourist brands of Yuryev-Polsky, and today a cafe popular with tourists bears this name.
On May 1st Street, 100 meters from the city center, stands the white stone St. George's Cathedral. The first temple on this site was founded during the reign of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. It existed for only half a century and, according to the chronicles, was destroyed during a strong earthquake. When this happened, the reigning prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich ordered to dismantle the stone ruins and build a new cathedral.
St. George's Cathedral was built in 1234. It was distinguished by rich white stone carvings. The walls of the temple were covered with images of animals, birds and Christian saints. Together with the ornament, they made up pictures connected by a common plot.
By the middle of the 15th century, St. George's Cathedral had become dilapidated and partially collapsed. The Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III Vasilyevich, having learned about this, ordered the immediate restoration of the shrine. The famous architect from Moscow Ermolin undertook to restore the temple. There were no stone quarries near Yuryev-Polsky, so the builders had to erect collapsed walls from old stones. The temple turned out to be lower, but it became much stronger. The boundary between new and old masonry is clearly visible even today. Placed in the 15th century, the stones run diagonally from top to bottom, from the northwest corner of the building.
In the 17th century, a tented bell tower was erected near the cathedral. Then it was replaced with a four-tier one. And in the 19th century, a warm Church of the Exaltation of the Cross appeared near the cathedral. Later, several restorations of St. George's Cathedral took place, during which the bell tower and later temple extensions were dismantled.
The single-domed cathedral has a cubic quadrangle and three semicircular apses. A massive dome with a cross rests on a squat light drum. The northern portal is better preserved than others and looks great. Previously he went to main square Yuryev-Polsky.
On the walls of the cathedral you can see images of Christ, St. George the Victorious, holy warriors - patrons of the Vladimir princes, lions, a centaur, peacocks and intricate floral patterns. Most of the carved white stone bas-reliefs form a single plot, but some are located separately. This discrepancy appeared after restoration work in the 15th century. Medieval builders used stones from a collapsed building and some of them were placed in random order.
The carved elephant should be found on the northern façade. It is located above a column topped with a woman's head. To see the elephant, it is advised to move a little away from the cathedral, and then it will not be covered by the lower bas-reliefs.
Where did the image of the elephant in Yuryev-Polsky come from? The carvers who worked in Ancient Rus' could only see it on the pages of manuscripts. If you look closely, the image on St. George's Cathedral is not an elephant, but a mythological animal. The trunk and tusks are those of an elephant, the ears are those of a hare, and the limbs are those of a bird.
Nowadays, services in the temple are rarely held. The rest of the time it is open to tourists as a museum. Samples of ancient Russian white stone carvings are displayed inside. Here is also the “Svyatoslav Cross”, which was made by order of the ancestor of the Yuryev princes - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (1196-1252).
Michael the Arkhangelsk Monastery
To the north of St. George's Cathedral, closer to the center of Yuryev-Polsky, lies the territory of the monastery. The buildings of the Michael-Arkhangelsk monastery stand in a ring of powerful earthen ramparts and fortress walls, so they look like a Kremlin. The monastery was founded in the 13th century by the son of Vsevolod the Big Nest - Prince Svyatoslav. Initially, its churches and cells were wooden, and when the Mongol troops attacked Rus', they easily burned the monastery.
Yuriev-Polsky survived more than one invasion of the Horde, so for about two centuries they did not even try to restore the monastery. Changes came only in the 16th century, when a stone wall and towers were built instead of a wooden palisade. The first stone temple appeared here in 1560. It was erected with the money of Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Kubensky. We don’t know what this church looked like, because it has not been preserved.
Michael-Arkhangelsk monastery was considered rich. She received many gifts from Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, whose estate was located not far from Yuryev-Polsky, in the village of Bolsheluchinskoye.
Today the monastery is a beautiful architectural ensemble, consisting of buildings from the 17th-18th centuries. It has a small but very well-groomed territory on which exhibitions of the local history and art museum are located. At the same time, a monastic community lives here, and church services are regularly held in the temples. Near the monastery there is a monument to the founder of Yuryev-Polsky, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
Central location The monastery is occupied by the Archangel Michael Cathedral. The five-domed temple was built at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries with money raised by the residents of Yuryev-Polsky. The cathedral is richly decorated with rustication, cornices and carved friezes. The icon of Archangel Michael is kept here, which, together with the soldiers of the 5th regiment of the Vladimir militia, walked along the roads Patriotic War 1812-1814.
To the north-west of the cathedral rises a beautiful multi-tiered bell tower of the 18th century. The slender octagonal building is decorated on all sides with carved ornaments, and three rows of “rumors” are installed on the top of the tent.
To the south of the cathedral stands the Church of the Sign, which appeared in 1625. The low, single-domed temple has a spacious refectory. Its first floor is used for economic purposes, and covered passages lead to the archimandrite and fraternal buildings.
From the west, the monastery territory is limited by a section of the fortress wall with towers. These fortifications were built in the middle of the 16th century. The Church of St. John the Theologian, built in 1670, rises above the gate leading to the monastery. The five-domed temple has a wide cornice and its architecture echoes the Archangel Michael Cathedral.
Near the bell tower you can see a small overhead chapel and the Church of St. George the Victorious, brought here from the village of Yegoriy. They were built at the beginning of the 18th century for the St. George Monastery and moved to Yuryev-Polsky in 1968. The chapel and church are excellent examples of Russian wooden architecture. They are very beautiful and fit organically into the architectural ensemble of the monastery.
Museums of Yuryev-Polsky
Museum exhibitions occupy the buildings of the Archangel Michael Monastery, on 1 May Street, 4. The main section of the museum is dedicated to the history of the peasantry and agriculture of the Vladimir region. The items collected here allow you to get acquainted with the customs and traditions of the inhabitants of Yuryev-Polsky, starting from ancient times. The display cases display jewelry found by archaeologists, chain mail, a fragment of a mica window, and fossilized rye from the 11th century. In the halls you can see a collection of barn locks, a Russian stove and the interiors of peasant dwellings.
One of the sections of the museum tells about the life of the Russian commander Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration. The central place in it is occupied by the carriage in which the seriously wounded Bagration was brought to the village of Sima near Yuryev-Polsky after the Battle of Borodino. Here he died and was buried in the family crypt of the Golitsyn princes.
In the arch under the passage that connects the Church of the Sign and the archimandrite building, there is an exhibition of carved platbands. Beautiful wooden frames were brought to the museum from villages located near Yuryev-Polsky. Skillful products of local craftsmen also hang on the walls of the church and fraternal building.
On the second floor of the archimandrite building there is an exhibition introducing visitors to the history of the development of the weaving manufactory in Yuryev-Polsky. Beautiful tiled stoves, spindles, spinning wheels, samples of printed fabrics and sewing machines are on display here. And the interiors are decorated with modern tapestries made by the hands of the masters of the Avangard weaving factory.
One of the museum exhibitions is located in a high tented bell tower. On the ground floor of the building a monastic cell is shown. On the second floor there is an exhibition dedicated to bells, and even higher there is an excellent observation deck. Tourists climb it to admire the monastery and the central streets of Yuryev-Polsky. At the entrance, the bell tower has a small door, the height of which is only 2/3 of the average height of a person. Only small children can pass through it without bending.
If you go up to the second floor of the Gate Church of St. John the Evangelist, you can see an art exhibition. It displays icons of the 16th-19th centuries, paintings by the Itinerant artists and a collection of old porcelain. Most of the porcelain items came to the museum from the Golitsyn family estate. The most interesting exhibits are the original floor vases.
The museum doors are open to visitors on any day except Tuesday. On Mondays it is open from 9.00 to 15.00, and on other days from 9.00 to 17.00. Please note that the ticket office closes an hour earlier.
Ancient temples
Not far from the monastery there is a temple complex, which consists of two churches - Pokrovskaya and Nikitskaya. The first was built in 1769, and the second in 1799. Adjacent to the snow-white five-domed Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary is a four-tiered bell tower - the most tall building Yuryev-Polsky. Through it, believers get inside the Church of the Intercession.
The one-domed Nikitsky Church is small in size. It was built in the traditions of classicism and decorated on four sides with triangular pediments and snow-white columns. The walls of the church are painted in contrasting colors, brick and white. Temple complex surrounded by a beautiful wrought iron fence and looks very harmonious.
At 6 Avangardny Lane, there is a snow-white Church of the Nativity of Christ. It was built in the 18th century on the site of a dilapidated wooden church. The Cold Church is notable for its six domes. In the 1930s, it, like most of the churches in Yuryev-Polsky, was closed, and printing presses and dairy plant equipment were placed in the premises. Then the church was restored, and now it is functioning.
Where to stay
Most travelers come to Yuryev-Polsky on day trips. But those who want to stay here longer can stay at one of the city hotels. All of them are located in the city center and provide approximately the same range of services.
The hotel at the Promsvyaz plant accommodates not only business travelers (Zavodskaya St., 1A). On weekends many tourists stop here. There is no cafe or dining room in this hotel, but guests can prepare their own food using a microwave oven, kettle, stove and utensils.
On Vladimirskaya Street, 22 there is a small hotel "Pokrovskaya". Breakfast is included when staying, and suites have separate kitchenettes with a microwave, dishes and a kettle.
On Sovetskaya Square there is the Yuryevskaya Hotel. Its guests receive not only rooms, but also breakfast. Conveniently, right next to the hotel there is a cafe, “Golden Calf”, popular among city guests.
Mini-hotel "Pearl" is probably the most inexpensive in Yuryev-Polsky. It offers travelers four neat rooms. The hotel is located on Shibankova Street, 72, just a 5-minute walk from the city center.
How to get there
Yuryev-Polsky is located in the northwest Vladimir region 180 km from Moscow. Nearest international airport is located in Ivanovo. The journey by car from Moscow to Yuryev-Polsky takes about 3 hours and passes through Kirzhach and Kolchugino along the A-105 highway.
The railway station is located 1.5 km south of the city center. A line from Aleksandrov to Ivanovo runs through it, along which several trains run daily long distance, as well as two electric trains. You can get from Moscow to Yuryev-Polsky in 4.15-4.50 hours by trains that go to Kineshma and Ivanovo.
Next to railway station there is a city bus station. They come here Shuttle Buses from Vladimir, Alexandrov, Pereslavl-Zalessky and Moscow. From the capital's bus station, which is located near the Shchelkovskaya metro station, 3-4 buses go to Yuryev-Polsky every day. The journey to the city takes 4 hours.
Yuryev-Polsky is now located in the Vladimir region, although there was a time when an appanage prince sat there (13th century). The city is in no way connected with Poland (unless you remember that the Poles burned it during the Time of Troubles). It became Polish due to the fact that it is located in Opole, a natural area occupying part of the Vladimir region. (It was necessary to distinguish cities with similar names from one another). Farming has long been practiced on the fertile lands of Opole. The villages have survived to this day. The church in one of them, photographed through a bus window.
Despite its considerable age, Yuryev-Polsky was not included in the new list of historical cities of Russia. It must be a shame for the residents. On the other hand, he left this list along with Moscow, Veliky Novgorod, Pskov and other famous tourist centers. Maybe they are simply preparing a different list for them, even more honorable than the one they left?...
Urban development is common for such places, the existence of which is usually remembered only before elections. These are mostly houses with one or two floors.
The only new construction that can be noted is a huge sports complex and shopping centers.
And Sberbank, of course.
Department of Education.
Next to it is a colorful residential building. (Colored because...).
Church of the Nativity of Christ.
Next to it is the small Boris and Gleb Church. They are located on the same territory. Both are built in the 18th century.
There is also the architectural monument "Garn".
The after-school activities center looks pretty decent.
Let's look into the yard. The granny on the bench, seeing the camera, straightened her shoulders. And I immediately became younger, of course...
Two schools. Both are pre-revolutionary and interesting.
Almost nothing remains from the Peter and Paul Monastery.
Miraculously, the bell tower survived. The entrance inside is blocked with boards and iron.
Next to it is the Church of the Ascension. The temple and the surrounding area harmoniously complement each other...
There is another high bell tower in the city. It belongs to the Holy Protection Church.
The Church of Nikita the Martyr was built on the same territory. Everything is 18th century.
The local orphanage is located in a chic old building. It once belonged to the Holy Vvedensky Nikon Monastery.
The monastery lost a significant part of its land holdings and real estate. But it is worth recognizing that what is selected still serves people. In addition to the orphanage, a student dormitory is located on the former territory. There are few monks at present. About twenty people, no more. It is unlikely that their number will increase significantly. The novices live in cells located in the annex, which is in Soviet era served as some kind of office. Which is reminiscent of the specific interior, preserved in some places. At the bottom there is brown plastic a meter high; it is completed by a shelf where flowers were placed and all sorts of necessary papers were scattered (so that they were always at hand). Above is the wallpaper. Facilities are partly outside. (Washbasin indoors). You need to be seriously disappointed modern life to go here. And, most importantly, stay... Because music and other sounds (which can be even more attractive on warm summer evenings) from the neighboring dorm are heard very well here...
The area is in a state of slow improvement. One of the ministers briefly explains, “The procession of the Cross will take place here... We’ll build it there...” But when this will happen, it’s still hard to say. No funds. It is difficult to say whether they are attracted to repair work monks? Or have they now been given other tasks by God? At that time, services were held in the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
The larger Vvedensky Cathedral is not yet ready for this.
The historical center begins.
Of course, there is a historical figure here.
College of Education.
An original flower kiosk.
Michael the Archangel Monastery is located in a ring of ancient earthen ramparts from the 12th century.
The fence with towers was built during the 15th - 17th centuries.
The monastery currently operates as a museum. Cathedral of the Archangel Michael. 1792 - 1806.
Belfry. 1685 - 1688.
St. George's Church from the village of Yegorye. 1718 And the overhead chapel.
Archimandrite and Fraternal Corps.
The ramparts around the monastery turned out to be quite a busy place. By evening, groups of fresh air lovers began to flock here.
Below is a monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.
Yuryev-Polsky/Gergev Grad
Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky
The city of Yuryev-Polsky was founded in 1152 by the Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky on the banks of the Koloksha River.
The present road from Moscow to Vladimir is a later one, and now even runs through large forests, which previously, in all likelihood, were impassable; Moreover, not a single village reminds that in the old days there was a dwelling here. Moscow, which was originally in the possession of the Princes of Suzdal, should have had a direct path to it. On this route, the prince founded the city of Yuryev-Polsky. From Suzdal itself to Yuryev and further along the road, the so-called Stromynka ( Stromynskaya road), numerous mounds and fortifications stretch at a close distance from each other, proving the population of this region. The Stromynskaya road from Yuryev-Polsky passed through Kirzhach, Chernogolovka, the village of Aristovskoye (Aristov Pogost), Pehra-Pokrovskoye and reached the Moscow River, which was the southern border of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. This route from Suzdal to Moscow remained the main one until the 18th century, as can be seen from the acts. Thus, from the expense lists of the monastic servants of the Suzdal Intercession Monastery who went to Moscow with hay money in 1690, it is clear that when traveling to Moscow, they stopped in Yuryev Polsky, in the village. Ilyinsky (Kolchuginsky district) we spent the night, in the village of Zheldybine (Kirzhachsky district) we fed, in the village of Stromyn we spent the night, on Klyazma we fed, in the village of Pekhre we drank kvass in passing, and then we arrived in Moscow. Two days later, we drove from Moscow back to Suzdal, fed in the village of Pekhre, spent the night in Klyazma, fed in the village of Stromyn, spent the night in the village of Khrapkov, bought bread while passing in the village of Kirzhach, fed in the village of Lodygine and arrived in Suzdal.
The Koloksha River and the fortress rampart of the 12th century.
In the chronicles, the city was originally called Gyurgev or Gergev - after the name of its founder Georgy (Yuri) Dolgoruky. The second part of the name - from the word “field”, the city stands on the Suzdal Opolye - appeared to clarify the location, due to the existence of other cities during this period:
The name of the city speaks for the fact that Yuri Dolgoruky, it seems, built it as his own residence. However, his other brainchild - Pereslavl Zalessky - turned out to be more successful. Dolgoruky didn’t really manage to live in Yuryev. Dolgoruky was captivated by the beauty of the place. He needed a stronghold among the rebellious Mary.
Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Yuryev-Polsky
See Foundation of Yuryev-Polsky.
On June 27, 1177, near the Gza River, Vsevolod Georgievich, because of the grand-ducal throne, fought with the Rostovites, led by Mstislav Rostislavich.
In 1177, Mstislav Rostislavich, uniting with the Ryazan prince Gleb, again attacked Vsevolod on the Koloksha River.
In 1177, the battle of Koloksha near Pruskova Mountain took place here. According to S. Sheremetev, on the old route from Vladimir to Yuryev, the village of Stavrovo stands near the Koloksha River, 27 versts from the city. 6 versts from Stavrov there is the owner’s village of Turino, the Volochka River flows through it, flowing into the Koloksha River on the right. Nearby is the Kakovinsky Forest tract, and near the village there is Babaeva Mountain, still called Pruskova, and near the village of Turin there is Prussian Field.
In 1211, Vsevolod III the Big Nest, on the day of Yuri II’s wedding, granted Yuri’s young wife Agafia the city of Yuryev on the Kze and Koloksha rivers for life.
After the death of Vsevolod III, the Big Nest Yuryev became the center of a small appanage principality that belonged to the grandson of Yuri Dolgoruky, Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich. The future Prince of Yuryev Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich is at the court of his brother and Prince of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich, but then runs to the court of his opponent Konstantin, Prince of Rostov and the eldest of Vsevolod’s sons. In winter, Vladimir Vsevolodovich, not wanting to reign in Yuryev, fled to Volok and went over to the side of Konstantin, with whose support he later became the prince of Moscow.
Yuri gave Yuryev to his brother Svyatoslav. The grandson of Dolgoruky, the son of Vsevolod (and the Czech princess Mary), Prince Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich in 1212 received the city of Yuryev as an inheritance (1212 - 1238 and 1248 - 1253).
OK. 1212 - formation of the Yuryev Principality (ca. 1212 - 1345). Capital Yuriev-Polsky.
During the reign of Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich, the princely St. Michael the Archangel Monastery was founded in the city fortress.
In the fortress newly built by Yuri Dolgoruky, the white stone Church of St. George was built in 1152. The son of Vsevolod III, Svyatoslav, having become the ruler of Yuryev and its region, destroyed his grandfather’s building in 1230, since, according to the chronicle, it “had become dilapidated and broken.” In its place, by 1234, a new stone church had already been built, which the prince decorated more magnificently than other churches, for, as the chronicler says, outside the entire church the saints “wonderful velmi” were carved from stone. The Trinity chapel of the cathedral was also decorated with carved stone.
See St. George's Cathedral in Yuriev Polsky
In 1238, 1382 and 1408. Yuryev was ruined by the Tatar-Mongols.
In 1344, the Yuriev Principality became part of the Great Moscow Principality.
In 1350, Nikon of Radonezh (1350-1426), the future abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, a disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, was born in Yuryev-Polsky.
In 1352, Yuryev suffered from a severe pestilence.
In 1382, Yuriev was taken by troops of Khan Tokhtamysh.
In 1408, Yuriev was ruined by the de facto ruler of the Golden Horde, Beklyari-bek Edigei.
1408 - Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich gave Yuryev, along with Vladimir, Pereslavl and other cities, as an appanage to the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo Olgerdovich, who owned the appanage for about 5 months, and then left for Lithuania again.
1408 - The Yuryev-Polsky district was engulfed by a pestilence - the plague. Sources report this: “The living buried the dead in order to take their place tomorrow. People hid, the city froze. Quiet and alarming, like before a thunderstorm.”
1422 - there was a famine in Yuryev. Residents ate horses, dogs and cats. Many townspeople died.
1445 Prince Vasily the Dark with the Moscow army and Nizhny Novgorod governors marched through Yuryev against the Tatar leader Makhmet with his sons Memutek and Yakuba, but near Suzdal on July 6, 1445 they were defeated by the Tatars.
1445 - the approximate time of the collapse of the stone St. George's Cathedral.
In 1471, Vasily Dmitrievich Ermolin restored St. George's Cathedral. “In the city of Yuryev in Polski there was a stone church of St. George... and everything was carved into stone, and everything fell apart to the ground; By order of the Great Prince, Vasily Dmitriev assembled that church all over again and erected it, as before” (Ermolin Chronicle).
In 1477, the Moscow architect Vasily Ermolin sent a wooden sculpture of St. George as a gift to St. George's Cathedral and in memory of its restoration. Now it is on display at the City Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.
1490 - governor in Yuryev - Prince Daniil Vasilyevich Shchenya.
1493 - governor in Yuryev - Semyon Karpovich Karpov.
In 1508, Grand Duke Vasily III gave Yuryev to feed the former Kazan king Abdul-Letif (Abdul-Latif).
1519 – governor in Yuryev – Fyodor Ivanovich Karpov.
1535 - a new wooden cathedral church with a chapel of the Prophet Elijah was erected, “at the expense of Grand Duke Vasily Ioannovich.”
1550 - governor in Yuryev - Astrakhan prince Kaibula.
1548 - governor of the guard regiment in Yuryev - boyar Prince Yuri Mikhailovich Bulgakov.
In 1555, through the zeal of M.I. Kubensky, near the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery, a stone fence of 40 fathoms was erected and “three large towers were built on it, with a tent top.”
1584 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Evstafievich Pushkin.
1606 - the first written mention of the Galician chety, under whose jurisdiction Yuriev-Polsky was also a member. The Galician quarter was in charge of the following cities: Belev, Galich, Karachev, Kashin, Kologriv, Kolomna, Kashira, Mtsensk, Meshchovsk, Novosil, Parfenyev, Rostov, Sol-Galitskaya, Sudai, Suzdal, Unzha, Chukhloma, Shuya, Yuryev-Zapolsky.
1608 - October 8 (18) Vladimir voivode and supporter of Vasily Shuisky T.F. Seitov set out on a campaign from Vladimir at the head of the Vladimir and Murom militias to counter the Tushino detachments. He passed through Yuryev, joined the detachment of Shuisky’s supporters, but due to the capture of Pereyaslavl by the Tushins, he left for Rostov. In Yuryev, supporters of False Dmitry II prevailed.
1608 - October 12 (22) Yuryev's embassy arrived in Tushino and took the oath to False Dmitry. False Dmitry appoints Fyodor Bolotnikov, an elected nobleman from Suzdal, as governor of Yuryev.
1608 - October 15 (25), Seitov’s detachment, which apparently included Yuryevites, was defeated near Rostov by Tushins from Pereyaslavl. The Tushins captured Rostov.
1608 - Yuryev and Pereslavl in the era of impostors - a collection point for the children of the boyars who were sent to serve.
1608/09 - in winter, the Yuryev nobles take part in the actions of supporters of False Dmitry against supporters of Shuisky in Zamoskovye and Pomorie.
1609 - at the beginning of the year, the Administration of False Dmitry managed to curb the detachments of beaters, but the Tushino regiments of J. Mikulinsky and J. Stravinsky arrived in Yuryevsky district to collect taxes. Their people dismantled the palace volosts of Simskaya, Turabevskaya, Nekomornskaya, Skomovskaya and Lychevskaya into bailiffs and are opposing the attempts of their own king False Dmitry to distribute possessions in the district to other people.
1609 - March False Dmitry granted the son of the Kasimov king Uraz-Magmet Magmed-Murat “Yuryev-Polsky settlement, and tamga, and kobaki and all sorts of dakhods that had previously happened to Tsarevich Kaibula.” Stravinsky refused to comply with the order.
1609 - March 27 (April 6), the people of Vladimir, having received help from Nizhny Novgorod and Murom, rose up against the Tushino people.
1609 - in May, the Yuryevsky governor Bolotnikov wrote to Sapega, the military leader of False Dmitry, about the transfer of part of the Yuryevsky nobles to the side of Shuisky’s supporters who rebelled in Vladimir, and asked for help. At the same time, most of the residents of the district preferred to wait for the decisive victories of government troops over the Tushins.
1609 - in December, the impostor fled from Tushino. The Tushino camp collapsed.
1610 - in August Moscow swore allegiance to the Polish prince Vladislav. In response, many cities went over to the side of False Dmitry II, who settled in Kaluga, including those that had previously stubbornly fought against him, because at that time, the impostor turned out to be the only banner around which the anti-Polish movement could rally.
August 19 (29), 1610 Yuriev-Polsky again swears allegiance to False Dmitry.
1611 - governor in Yuryev - Prince Ivan Semenovich Kurakin, a native of a decaying aristocratic family, who made a career under False Dmitry I and Vasily Shuisky. Since the autumn of 1610, he was a member of the Seven Boyars, the pro-Polish government in Moscow, and belonged to that part of it that actively collaborated with the Poles.
1611, February - Prince Ivan Kurakin, governor of Yuryev-Polsky and a supporter of the Poles, learned about the gathering of anti-Polish forces in Vladimir. Together with Prince Ivan Borisovich Cherkassky, he moved to Vladimir. The leader of the rebels in Suzdal, Prosovetsky, found out about this, and sent his Cossacks to help the people of Vladimir. On February 11, in the battle of Vladimir, Kurakin was defeated, Cherkassky was captured, and his surviving people fled.
1611, March - a detachment of anti-Polish militias (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Romanov), led by Fyodor Volkonsky, Ivan Ivanovich Volynsky, Vasily Pronsky, arrived in Pereyaslavl, where they were joined by Pereyaslav militias. The combined detachment moved to join the Vladimir people. Kurakin, the governor of Yuriev-Polsky, who was stationed in Kirzhach, sent a detachment against them. In the battle near Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, the anti-Polish militia won and captured many of Kurakin’s people. Kurakin leaves for Moscow. Yuryev-Polsky was burned in 1612.
1613 - for the first time the Yuryev Kozmodemyansk Church is mentioned in documents.
1616 - in June, voivode Prince D.P. was sent to Suzdal against the Cossacks operating in Opole. Lopata-Pozharsky. He was given 476 boyar children, among whom were military men from Yuryev-Polsky. There were no major clashes with the Cossacks, because There is no information about this either in the discharge books or in the book of seunches of 1613-1619.
1621 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Metelkin.
1622 - governor in Yuryev - Sava Mikhailovich Pestrovo.
1625 - the two-story Znamenskaya refectory church was built, in 1792 there was a right side a chapel of the Holy Prophet Elijah was built, moved here from the abolished church, and in 1814 a chapel was added in the name of the Kazan Most Holy Theotokos.
1625 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Elizarovich Bormosov.
1630 - a new cell church appears in the Michael-Arkhangelsk Monastery, consecrated in honor of the Prophet Elijah.
1630 - the warm Pyatnitskaya Church was rebuilt on the northern border of Yuryevsky Posad.
1631 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Ivanovich Kosagov.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Kosachev.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Elizarovich Bormosov.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Vasilyevich Miloslavsky.
1635 - until 1636, the governor in Yuryev was Vladimir Ivanovich Kozlovsky.
1646 - governor in Yuryev - Karp Panteleevich Kazimirov.
1646 - in the census book for the city of Yuryev it is written: “In total, in Yuryev-Polsky there are 192 households in the settlement of townspeople and all kinds of artisans. There are 284 people in them.” In addition, church properties on the town's land are described (including the Vvedenskaya and Assumption churches). Separately, the Kremlin: “In total, in Yuryev-Polsky, on a posad in the Kremlin City on monastic land, there are two courtyards of servants, 37 households of Bobylsky and 70 people in them (source: census book of the city of Yuryev-Polsky 1646 (RGADA, F. 1209 op. 1)).
From 1647 to 1649, the governor in Yuryev was Taras Stepanovich Suvorov.
From 1649 to 1652 incl. governor in Yuryev - Sila Ivanovich Ogarev.
1652 - a new wooden Church of the Resurrection of Christ was built in Yuryev-Polsky Posad. The previous one, standing in the same place, has been known since the first floor. XVII century
1653 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Mikhailovich Sekirin.
1654, December 1-6 - pestilence in Yuryev Polsky, 1148 people died, 409 survived (source: Additions to the Historical Acts, collected and published by the Archaeographic Commission. Volume 3. St. Petersburg, 1848).
1664 - governor in Yuryev - Semyon Nashchokin.
1665 - governor in Yuryev - Prokofy Semenovich Mertvago.
1666 - in memory of the Monk Nikon, the miracle worker of Radonezh, the residents of Yuryev erected the Nikon Church.
1666 - the wooden church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was abolished.
1667 - by decree of the Moscow Cathedral, Yuriev Polsky was assigned to the Suzdal diocese.
In 1670, a five-domed Theological Church was built over the holy gates of the Archangel Michael Monastery.
In 1671 and 1672, the governor in Yuryev was Roman Matov.
In 1675 and 1676, the governor in Yuryev was Leonty Ivanovich Kiselev.
In 1677 and 1678, the governor in Yuryev was Grigory Afanasyevich Tregubov.
1677 - in the scribe book for the township of the city of Yuryev-Polsky it is written: “There are 192 townspeople’s yards in total, and the yard of the landowners, and the soldier’s yard, and the empty yard. There are 195 households in both. There are 594 people in them (meaning men)... Yes, in Yuryev-Polsky in the last 189 (?) year (1670), peasant children from the villages of Smerdovo, Gorodishchi and Sorogoshino came from the palace volosts... And all in Yuryev-Polsky on settlement of merchants and all sorts of residential craft people and incomers 197 households. There are 614 people in them.”
1685 - Princess Sophia and the Russian Tsars Ivan V and Peter I attended a pilgrimage in the Yuryev-Polsky Michael-Arkhangelsk Monastery.
1686 - governor in Yuryev - Grigory Afanasyevich Tregubov.
1687 - governor and governor in Yuryev - Duma nobleman Nikita Ivanovich Akinfov.
1693 - governor in Yuryev - Vasily Antipyevich Konoplin.
1700 - governor in Yuryev - Afanasy Naryshkin.
1705 - on the site of the Assumption and Nikitskaya churches, located next to the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery, the Church of the Annunciation was built, which existed throughout the entire 18th century.
In 1708 the city was assigned to Moscow province.
Plan of the city of Yuryev-Polsky, beginning. XVIII century
1708 - governor in Yuryev - Pyotr Ogarev.
1710 - On September 15, there was a big fire in Yuryev, the Nikonovsky Monastery burned down (the stone Nikonovskaya and wooden Nikolskaya churches burned down) and Gostiny Dvor.
The beginning of secular school education in Russia was made Peter I. In 1714, digital schools began to be created, into which the children of nobles, clerks, servicemen and townspeople were recruited. They had to learn “tsifiri” (i.e. arithmetic) and some part of geometry.
1716 - teachers were sent to the provinces of Russia. In the Vladimir Territory, only in Yuryev-Polsky a digital school was created, where 18 children “from the nobility” studied. The townspeople asked the Senate not to force their children to study, since they should help their parents at home.
In 1719, the vast Moscow province was newly divided into 9 provinces. These were: Vladimir, Moscow, Pereslavl-Ryazan, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yuryev-Polsk, Pereslavl-Zalessk, Tula and Kaluga provinces.
Yuryev-Polsky appointed provincial town Yuryev-Polish province Moscow province. The province included the cities of Shuya and Lukh.
1722 - nuns from the Intercession Monastery were transferred to the Nikolo-Vvedensky Monastery.
1727 - Yuryev becomes the center of the Yuryev-Polsky province of the Moscow province.
1730 (c.) - Bishop Athanasius of Suzdal and Yuryevsk (Paisios Kondoidi, d. 1737) annexed the Assumption and Annunciation city churches to the St. George Cathedral.
1735, on October 10, the shopping arcade burned down for the second time, and in 1856 it was rebuilt.
1736 - “under the rector, Archimandrite Leonty, the entire fence was built of stone and there were four small towers along it” (previously, see 1555).
1763 - construction of the Vvedensky Church began (finished in 1766).
1763 - St. George's Church and the archimandrite building were erected on the territory of the Archangel Michael Monastery.
1763 - Catherine II gave the Decree to the Commission on Stone Construction to develop new regular plans for all cities. A similar plan was drawn up for Yuryev.
In 1767, the head of the city of Yuryev-Polsky was Dmitry Bakhmetev. See Order from the merchants of the city of Yuryev-Polsky in 1767
1780 - the Ascension Cemetery Church was built at the expense of the residents of Yuryev.
Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky
The coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky was approved along with the rest of the coats of arms of the Vladimir governorship on August 16, 1781.
Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky
Description of the coat of arms:
in the upper part is the coat of arms of Vladimir; in the lower part “in a silver field of natural color there are two boxes filled with cherries, which this city abounds in.”
Materials from an article by O. Revo in the journal “Science and Life” No. 12, 1987 were used.
In the second half. XIX century a draft coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky was drawn up according to the rules developed by B. Kene. In a silver field there are three cherry berries with cuttings and leaves. In the free part is the coat of arms of the Vladimir province. The coat of arms was not officially approved.
The image of the coat of arms was reconstructed from a badge issued by the Moscow ETPK.
1781 - in Yuryev-Polsky, a high four-tier bell tower in the classicist style was added to the western porch of St. George's Cathedral, replacing the old hipped one.
1785 - The Holy Vvedensky Yuryevsky Monastery was surrounded on three sides by a stone fence at the expense of the Yuryev merchant Peter Kartsev.
1789 - April 16, the Church of the Intercession was flooded during the flood of the Koloksha River.
1792 - construction of the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral began (finished in 1806).
1792 - cold stone church on the former. Kosmodemyansky Lane (now Avangardsky Lane) was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of Christ. The side chapels, also cold, were consecrated in the name of St. Martyrs Paraskeva and St. unmercenary Kozma and Damian.
1792 - construction of the warm Boris and Gleb Church began next to the cold Church of the Nativity of Christ (construction was completed in 1808).
1792 - the first gymnasium was opened in Yuryev-Polsky.
1794 - Yuriev merchant Dmitry Mikhailov Kurbatov and other citizens were allowed to renew the Peter and Paul Church without violating the throne.
1796 - in May, the restoration of the Yuryev merchant D.M. was consecrated in Yuryev. Kurbatov old wooden church of Peter and Paul.
1796 - a single-altar church was built next to the Church of the Intercession in honor of the martyr Nikita.
Yuriev Vicariate
The Yuriev Vicariate of the Vladimir Diocese was established in 1907.
On November 23, 1907, Emperor Nicholas II approved the report of the Holy Synod “On the establishment in the Vladimir diocese at local funds of the department of the second vicar bishop, with the naming of him as Muromsky and with the renaming of the first vicar as Bishop of Yuryevsky and on the existence of the rector of the Tver Theological Seminary, Archimandrite Eugene, as bishop Muromsky."
- Alexander (Trapitsyn) (November 23, 1907 - May 29, 1912).
- Evgeny (Mertsalov) (June 14, 1912 - November 17, 1919).
- Boris (Sokolov) (November 21 - December 9, 1919)
- Hierotheus (Pomerantsev) (January 8 - July 3, 1920)
On July 3, 1920, Bishop Ierofey (Pomerantsev) of Yuryevsk was transferred to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk diocese, after which he became known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Yuryevsky, which meant the abolition of the vicariate.
Revived in 1930
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (January 13, 1931 - April 14, 1932)
- Pavel (Chistyakov) (April 14 - June 23, 1932)
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (June 23, 1932 - August 1935)
- Alexander (Toropov) (August 26 - September 8, 1935)
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (September 1935 - March 30, 1937)
After 1937 it was not replaced.
See Diocese of Alexander. In 1837, after moving from the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky, the heir, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, arrived on May 12 in Yuryev-Polsky at 12 o'clock at night. The Kiev Hussar Regiment, located here, took up a guard of honor at the Tsarevich’s apartment. Early in the morning of May 12, the Sovereign Heir prayed in the ancient St. George Cathedral, built in the 13th century, examined its ancient (13th century) stone cross with the crucifixion of the Lord and received the local district leader of the nobility A.I. Pushkevich, with nobles and other district officials. I examined the sights of the city - the Kremlin, fenced by an ancient earthen rampart, in which the cathedral and the Arkhangelsk Monastery are located. looking at the Lipetsk field and the banks of the Kzy (Gza) river, which were in the 12th and 13th centuries. the site of the great battle between the Suzdalians and the Novgorodians with their princes, at 7 o’clock in the morning he deigned to set off on his further journey through Gavrilovsky Posad (Suzdal district) to Suzdal.
In 1854, the Yuryevsk Society of Agriculture was established.
The Yuryevsk Society of Agriculture, according to its charter, annually, at its annual meeting, organized private exhibitions of rural works and agricultural industry in the meeting places of this regular meeting: the district mountain. Yuryev-Polsky; the village of Veski, the patrimony of the city president of the society, Privy Councilor V.V. Kalachova; village of Ratislovo, estate of the vice-president of the company N.N. Tsvileneva; village of Zavalina (Pokrovsky district), estate of an honorary member of the society, senator, lieutenant general N.I. Kruzenshtern. At these exhibitions, tests of agricultural machines and agricultural tools were carried out, competitions for plowmen and the distribution of awards to hardworking and sober workers.
In 1854, an exhibition of rural and urban works was held in the city of Yuryev-Polsky - on the occasion of the opening of the Yuryev Agriculture Society.
In 1861, an exhibition of rural works and industry was held in the province. Vladimir, organized by the Yuryevsky Society of Agriculture.
In 1873-1877. Trading rows (Gostiny Dvor) were built on retail space on the site of the burnt building of the Gostiny Dvor from Catherine's times. There is no courtyard in the Trade Rows. Along the rows there is a wooden gallery with carved columns.
See Yuryev-Polsky shopping arcades
1874 - in July, the Vvedensky Convent was officially transferred to the Peter and Paul Church and renamed Peter and Paul.
1874 - the position of a police supervisor was established in Yuryev.
1877 - construction of stone shopping arcades was completed.
1877 - June 17 - Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Avdulina received permission from the governor to open a photo workshop.
1877 – in July, recruitment of militia warriors.
1877 - September 21 - Nikolai Petrovich Burdaev received a certificate for the right to practice photography.
1877 - several dozen captured Turkish soldiers who were captured during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877 - 1878 settled in Yuryev-Polsky for six months.
1879 - in Yuryev, in a house purchased specially for this purpose, a public school was opened (Naberezhnaya St.).
Since 1912, city schools were renamed higher elementary schools. Higher primary schools consisted of 4 classes with a one-year course in each. They accepted children who had completed primary school.
Exhibition of rural works and industry on August 9, 1879 in the village of Ratislav (Yuryevsky district) - on the occasion of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Yuryevsky Society of Agriculture.
1879 – October 17, a telegraph line was opened in Yuryev.
1880 - On November 13, the Yuryev 3-grade City School was opened.
1880 - Moscow merchant Kosma Prokhorov of the 1st guild founded a dyeing and finishing production in Yuryev-Polsky. Transferred to Tver province in 1891.
1881 - On January 27, the Committee of Ministers in St. Petersburg approved the “Partnership of the Yuryev-Polish Manufactory”, established by K. Prokhorov and his sons.
1881 – at the end of October, the construction of the stone building in which the warping room was located was completed.
1881 - On November 6, the charter of the Yuryev-Polish Manufactory Partnership was approved.
1881 – the Avangard weaving and finishing factory was founded in Yuryev. Before 1917 - three small scattered factories. They were merged into one enterprise in 1918 after nationalization. In 1981 she was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
1882 - in the spring, construction began on a house across the river for the city three-year school on the lands of the former. Borodulin and Pashkov.
1882 - by the beginning of the school year, the public school moved to a new building.
1883 - the famous Ivanovo poet Alexander Nikolaevich Blagov was born. In 1915 - 1916 lived in Yuryev-Polsky, where he worked at the textile factory of the Ovsyannikovs and Ganshin. At this time, he wrote one of his interesting works, “10 Letters to a Friend,” in which he clearly showed the life of provincial Yuriev at that time.
1883 - in September the construction of the City Social Club in the City Garden was completed.
1884 - On May 5, the foundation stone of the Nikolo-Nikonovskaya Church took place in the city of Yuryev, under Archimandrite Modest, Archpriest Uspensky and parish priest Alexander Minevrin.
1885 - an independent parish was established at the cemetery Church of the Ascension. Until this time, services were performed by city parish priests on alternate weeks. Services were very rare and the temple was in a very poor position.
1885 - On October 27, the Nikolsky chapel in the Nikolo-Nikonovsky Church in the city of Yuryev was consecrated with a huge crowd of people...
1885 - the first strike of factory workers of the Yuryev-Polskaya Manufactory Partnership occurred, caused by a decrease in prices and an excessive increase in the number of fines.
1885 - to supply his weaving enterprise with cheaper fuel than firewood, merchant K. Prokhorov began to develop and extract peat in the Nenashevsky swamp.
1886 - with the assistance of a peasant from the village. Petrovskoye, Yuryevsky district, Grigory Lavrentievich Karzov, inside the Peter and Paul Monastery, on the eastern side, a wooden building intended for a dormitory was built. Later, a parochial school was opened in it. (source: "Church Gazette" dated November 28, 1892)
1886 – October 13, 14, the warm cemetery church was consecrated in the name of St. Apostle. Peter and Paul and Sergius of Radonezh.
1886 - On October 17, the establishment of the Partnership “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1896 - The Ganshins erected a building for 250 machines, which for a long time bore the name “raspberry plant”.
1887 - On January 23, the Factory and Trade Partnership “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1887 - in September Yuryev visited the circus of the peasant of the Ekaterinoslav province D.O. Kamchatny.
1887 - in October, the Ganshins bought a dyeing factory from the Pashkov sisters on the Gze River in Yuryev.
1887 - a special commission, formed at the request of the Imperial Archaeological Commission at the Imperial Academy of Arts, recognized the need to make a thorough inspection of the condition of St. George's Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky. Academician V.V. was entrusted with this task. Suslov. Based on the results of the commission’s activities, a project for the restoration of the cathedral was drawn up.
1888 - in Yuryev-Polsky, the first printing press in the city was opened by official A. Nartsisov. At first it was located in Zaryadye, on the lower floor of the owner's house (now it is house number 12 on Sovetskaya Square). The establishment was very small, and they were mainly engaged in performing petty work: printing advertisements, tickets, cards, addresses and forms, and occasionally printing one-day anniversary newspapers.
1888 - a dyeing factory was built on the Gze River.
1889 - The Ganshins bought an old, neglected dyeing establishment on the banks of the Gza River.
1889 – under Petropavlovsk convent opened a school for 37 girls with money donated by Paraskeva Karzova, a peasant woman from the village of Petrovskoye. On September 24, the parish school at the Ascension Church in Yuryev was consecrated.
1889 - a strike broke out among factory workers of the Yuryev-Polskaya Manufactory Partnership, associated with low prices and unfair fines.
1891 - at the Central Asian exhibition the company A.M. Ganshina received a gold medal.
1891 - in September, an artesian well was built at the dyeing factory of the Partnership.
1891 - famine! There is a crop failure in almost all of Russia...
1892 - severe cholera throughout Russia...
1892 - a weavers' strike took place at the Prokhorov manufactory of Yuryev-Polsky.
1892 - an amateur choir was formed at the Church of the Intercession of Yuryev-Polsky, consisting of people from different occupations. It was headed by veterinarian N.I. Lyubimov.
1892 - On September 25, a women's parochial school was opened at the Peter and Paul Monastery.
1892 - the Belkovo - Yuryev-Polsky railway line was built.
1892 - construction of a bell tower about 60 meters high began in the Peter and Paul Convent (finished in 1902).
1892 - in Yuryev-Polsky, the city Regulations on elections to the Yuryev City Duma were adopted. According to it, the voters were nobles, landowners, kulaks, merchants, and high-ranking officials. Workers, peasants, artisans, artisans, and townspeople did not have the right to vote or be elected. Persons under 25 years of age and women did not have the right to vote. If the latter owned anything, they voted through men by proxy. Some officials, clergy, prosecutorial supervision, police, defendants, those removed from office, declared insolvent, deprived of clergy or civil rank, supervised (political), tavern keepers, and persons with tax arrears did not take part in the elections.
1892 – a society of banner bearers was established in the city of Yuryev.
1892 - in April there was a weavers' strike at the Prokhorovskaya manufactory.
1893 - On May 18, the Voluntary Firefighting Society arose in the city.
1893 - On October 11, at 1 o’clock on Monday, a memorandum was submitted ... in St. Petersburg to His Excellency Mr. Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte on a petition to conduct railway to Yuryev.
1894 - On June 1, the Highest permission was issued to approve the construction of a railway to the city of Yuryev.
1895 – On August 6, the foundation stone of a railway station in the city of Yuryev took place.
1895 - on the site of the old one dyeing establishment On the bank of the Gzy River, the Ganshins built a wooden building designed for 80 machines with a steam engine.
1895 - the future Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General of Artillery Nikolai Sergeevich Fomin, was born in Yuryev-Polsky. He died in 1987. He was buried at the Troekurovskoye cemetery in Moscow. One of the streets of Yuryev-Polsky bears his name.
1896 - a railway line was opened from Aleksandrov to Yuryev-Polsky.
1896 - products of Yuryev-Polsky enterprises took part in the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod.
1896 - in November there was a fire at the dyeing and finishing factory of the Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S.
1896 - On December 17, the mechanical weaving factory of the T-va “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1896 – December 21 open passenger traffic along the Yuryev-Polskaya branch of the railway to the city of Yuryev.
1897 – construction of a three-story stone building was completed, the first floor of which was intended to house weaving machines, the second floor for winding machines, and the top floor for warping and sizing machines.
1897 – the first general population census of the Russian Empire was carried out. According to it, the county had 92,629 inhabitants (41,230 men and 51,399 women). For 1 sq. per verst there are 35.1 inhabitants (in the Vladimir province - 35.4 inhabitants). 43% of men and 10% of women were literate.
1898 - in May, the laying of the bell tower took place in the Peter and Paul Nunnery in the city of Yuryev.
1898 - in June the house of V.V.’s heirs burned down. Ganshina.
1898 - an almshouse was founded at the Peter and Paul Convent, where 7 women received shelter.
1898 - On March 9, in St. Petersburg, a personal highest decree of Emperor Nicholas II was issued to the Minister of Railways, allowing the Moscow-Yaroslavl-Akhangelsk Railway Company to connect the Teikovo station and the Yuryev-Polsky station with a continuous rail track.
1898 - On October 22, the section of the railway connecting Yuryev-Polsky with the Belkovo station was put into operation.
1898 - Yuryev merchant Pyotr Ivanovich Abrosimov was elected mayor of Yuryev.
1899 - On November 27, a train departed from Yuryev-Polsky for the first time to the city of Teykovo.
City Men's School:
Honorary trustee – merchant. Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin.
Inspector-teacher – super. owls Igor Mikhailovich Kirillov. Teacher of the law - Rev. Alexander Egorovich Znamensky. Teachers: Vasily Aleksandrovich Albitsky; Mikhail Ivanovich Rakhmanov; arts - Nikolai Pavlovich Kostyukov; crafts - Vasily Vasilievich Khrameev.
City parish boys' school:
Trustee – purchaser Nikolai Aleksevich Ganshin. Teacher of the law - priest. Ivan Dmitrievich Kosatkin.
City Primary School:
Trustee – Nikolai Alekseevich Bulygin. Teacher of the law - priest. Alexey Alekseevich Belyaev. Teacher - Dmitry Mikhailovich Lushnikov.
City Primary Girls' School:
Trustee - Plageya Pavlovna Ganshina. Teacher of the law - Rev. Ivan Grigorievich Dobrokhotov. Teachers: Vera Afanasyevna Yakovlevskaya; Anna Aleksandrovna Gromova; Antonina Fedorovna Elnykina.
Peter and Paul Women's Parish School:
The guardian is Abbess Claudia. Teacher of the law - priest. Alexander Nikolaevich Likharev. The teacher is Maria Ivanovna Yuditskaya.
Ascension parochial school:
Trustee – purchaser Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin. Teacher of the law - priest. Sergei Ivanovich Izvolsky. The teacher is a deacon. Fedor Grigorievich Dobrokhotov.
District School Council:
The chairman is the district chairman of the nobility. Members: district police officer; teacher-inspector of a city school; prot. Alexander Egorovich Znamensky; above owls Pyotr Porfirievich Kosatsky; purchase Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin; purchase Petr Ivanovich Abrosimov.
Inspector people. schools - stat. owls Dmitry Semenovich Ilyenkov.
Medical staff:
City doctor – nadv. owls Alexey Alekseevich Uspensky.
City midwife - Alexandra Aleksandrovna Goryainova. District doctor - count. owls Yuri Nikolaevich Novikov.
Zemstvo doctors: 1 school. – Pyotr Dmitrievich Sukhov; 2 lessons – Vasily Irinarkhovich Soloviev; 3 lessons – Dmitry Nikolaevich Zbritsky; 4 lessons – Vasily Kuzmich Krechetov; 5 lessons - Vladimir Ivanovich Alexandrovsky.
Midwives: 1 school. – Anna Petrovna Gloziorova; 2 lessons – Lyudmila Ardalionovna Veselovskaya; 3 lessons – Ekaterina Pavlovna Tikhomirova; 4 lessons Sofya Florentievna Voznesenskaya; 5 lessons Evdokia Alekseevna Troitskaya.
Zemsky hospital:
Doctor - Nikolai Petrovich Gloriozov. Midwife – Anna Petrovna Gloriozova. Paramedic: Ivan Davidovich Gubanov; Egor Vasilievich Nikolaichev; Pavel Nikolaevich Orlov; Mikhail Stepanovich Makarevich.
Pharmacist - pharmacist Sergei Ivanovich Shchelokov.
County veterinarian- Daniil Borisovich Kulik.
Yuryevskaya postal and telegraph office: Chief – supervising owls Vladimir Ilyich Lebedev. Assistant is a title. owls Nikolai Alexandrovich Albitsky.
1900 - a factory of agricultural implements was built in Yuryev. Its owner was a peasant from the village. Volstvinovo Ksenophon Dmitrievich Kornoukhov.
1900 - On November 29, the first strike of Ganshin workers broke out (137 people went on strike for three days).
1901 - opening of the Yuryev-Polish brick factory.
1902 - January 1, the famous Yuryev industrialist and mayor N.A. Ganshin was awarded a gold medal on the St. Andrew's ribbon for his active participation in charity events.
1902 - Pyotr Ivanovich Abrosimov was re-elected mayor of Yuryev.
1903 - Yuryev-Polsky was visited by the world famous artist N.K. Roerich. Here he painted 4 sketches with views of St. George's Cathedral.
1903 - member of the bureau of the Northern Committee of the RSDLP, professional revolutionary Andrei Andreev (Stepan) established connections with workers' organizations in many cities of the Vladimir province, including Yuryev-Polsky, and distributed a significant number of illegal publications in the area of his activity.
1903 - a Social Democratic circle arose in Yuryev.
1904 - in December there was a strike of workers at the Yuryev-Polskaya manufactory factory.
1904 - the almshouse building was built. Gennady Ivanovich and Evgeny Ivanovich Meshcherin. Hereditary honorary citizen G.I. Meshcherin donated capital to establish an almshouse for 80 people in need.
06/22/1904 - “The residents of Yuryev warmly saw off their fellow countrymen to the war. The report of the Yuryev district police officer to the governor noted that on June 22, 1904, after a prayer service in St. George’s Cathedral, the reserves were sent to the Military Presence for examination, and then they were offered lunch from the Yuryev voluntary fireman In the evening, soldiers began to leave for Moscow in batches, and order was not violated anywhere."
1905 - April a district zemstvo library was opened in Yuryev.
1905 – On August 25, construction began on the warm three-altar Trinity Cathedral Church.
1905 - During October, two rallies were held in the city.
1906 - a strike broke out at the Ganshin weaving factory.
1906 - On the evening of June 4, a demonstration took place with a red banner and the singing of revolutionary songs.
1906 - a building with overhead lighting for 108 machines was built at the Ganshin factory.
1906 - On September 15, the zemstvo library began operating in Yuryev, opened on the initiative of the veterinarian Dianin.
1906 - opening of a private women's gymnasium in Yuryev by Serafima Ivanovna Blagonravova.
1906 - Yuryevsky manufacturer N.A. Ganshin was elected Chairman of the City Duma.
1907 - elections to the III State Duma took place. The rector of St. George's Cathedral in St. George's Cathedral, priest Alexander Znamensky, was elected one of the deputies from the Vladimir province.
1907 - in August, Serafima Ivanovna Blagonravova opened a private women's gymnasium in Yuryev (one-story building, Naberezhnaya Street). 40 students entered the first two classes. Subsequently, with the support of the zemstvo and the City Duma, the founder opened another gymnasium class every year.
1907 – On September 2, the foundation stone of the Trinity Cathedral took place in Yuryev. Work began back in 1905.
1907 - appearances for secret meetings of revolutionaries appear in Yuryev-Polsky.
1908 - the Yuryev-Polish printing house was sold to the Ganshin family by its former owner, official A. Nartsissov.
1909 - city for 5500 rubles. purchased for the gymnasium, whose trustee was N.A.’s wife. Ganshina, Pashkova's house.
1909 - On January 6, the Yuryev-Polsky Society of Performing Art Lovers was founded. Its founders were I.M. and P.D. Bulygins, I.D. Agrikov, A.P. Puzyrevskaya, O.V. Koritskaya, S.N. Ganshin, V.V. Gridnev.
1909 – in October, the Church of the Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated after repairs.
1909 - Russian architect and restorer Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, examining the decoration of St. George's Cathedral, was the first to suggest that in ancient times the cathedral was a single “iconographic whole.” He noticed that the disparate figures were parts of a once unified composition. He was the first to “assemble” one of these compositions, “Transfiguration,” which included seven different roots scattered along the southern façade of the cathedral.
1910 - a fire destroyed the Tushnins' weaving factory. The remaining walls and land were bought by manufacturer N. Ganshin, the namesake of a famous merchant in the city. There was a well-furnished club there with a cinema, billiards and an equipped stage.
1910 - On September 21, a 3rd grade school with a real school course, preparatory and 1st grade was opened in Yuryev, and a year later a full real school was opened.
1910 – December 20, an orphanage was opened in the city of Yuryev-Polsky. It was located in a two-story house donated by merchant N.A. Kraskovsky.
1910 - on the swampy outskirts of the city, the Yuriev-Polish merchants Kurbatovs erected the first one-story building of their weaving factory for 400 looms.
In M. N. Baryshnikov’s reference book “Business World of Russia” it is written as follows: “In 1910, the heir, Alexei Ivanovich Kurbatov, and his companion, Vasily Ivanovich Terentyev, opened a weaving factory with 360 mechanical looms.”
1910 - they did not work for three days in the weaving buildings of the Ganshin factory (three hundred weavers and apprentices demanded an increase in wages).
1910 - N.A. Ganshin was re-elected chairman of the Yuryev City Duma.
1911 - in February, the City Duma petitioned the Vladimir governor for a loan to install a water supply system.
1911 - in May, the City Duma received money transfers for the installation of a water supply system.
1911 - On May 23, a prayer service was held in Ilyinsky, dedicated to the start of work on the water supply system in Yuryev.
1911 – water booths appeared in Yuryev, popularly called “pools”; There was an employee at each booth.
1911 – the 6th grade of a private girls’ gymnasium was opened.
1912 - On January 1, the water supply system in Yuryev was blessed with a large crowd of people.
1912 - On July 30, the foundation stone of the Yuryev-Polsky real school named after V.E. was completed. Kraskovsky.
1912 – there were 199 students in the private girls’ gymnasium.
1912 – the public school was transformed into a higher elementary school.
1912 - On November 2, the 1st cinema session (electric theater) took place in Yuryev at the Yuryev club, in the former house of Tushnin.
1912 - the Yuryev Vicariate was established under the administration of the Vladimir diocese. The duties of suffragan bishops included providing assistance to the bishop. In the XIX - early XX century in the Vladimir diocese there were 3 vicariates: Murom (established in 1868), Yuryevsk and Suzdal (established in 1916).
1912 - July 17, 420 strikers at the Ganshin factory demanded an increase and regulation of wages.
1912 - On January 2, the city water supply system, funded by the city, manufacturers and donors, was consecrated and opened.
1913 - the enterprises of the company of the Ovsyannikov brothers and A. Ganshin and their sons reached full bloom.
1913 - the post office moved to Vladimirskaya Street, where the postal department acquired and added a second floor to the Abrosimovs’ house (see also 1860).
1913 - On January 18, the City Duma issued a “Mandatory resolution on the arrangement and maintenance of sidewalks in the city of Yuryev.” We were talking about three streets of the city - Bolshaya (May 1), Spasskaya (Shibankova St.) and Voskresenskaya (Shkolnaya St.).
1913 - The City Duma came to the conclusion that the city needed electric lighting. The installation of electric lighting in the city was carried out by the joint-stock company of Russian electrical plants "Siemens and Halske".
1913 - the first passenger car appeared in Yuryev-Polsky. It was brought from Germany by Sergei Nikolaevich Ganshin, one of the sons of local manufacturer N.A. Ganshin.
1913 - a common meal was organized in the Peter and Paul convent building.
1913 - On September 7 there were maneuvers near Yuryev, troops passed through the city.
1913 - health insurance funds were organized at Yuryev factories.
1914 - On January 7, training began in the new building of the real school.
1914 - On January 7, the City Public N.A. was opened. Ganshina Bank in Yuryev.
1914 - in February, the first lighting of city streets with electricity took place.
1914 – the second floor of a private women’s gymnasium was built (Naberezhnaya St.).
1914 – construction of the Trinity Cathedral was completed.
1914 - trustee of the Yuryev-Polsky orphanage N.A. Kraskovsky was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 3rd degree.
1914 - On December 7, the women's school named after P.P. was consecrated. Ganshin in his house, donated to the city on the Koloksha River Embankment.
1915 – in January the consecration of the Trinity Cathedral took place.
1915 - November 1, a new hospital with 100 beds was opened in Yuryev-Polsky.
1916 - a big strike took place at the Ganshin factory, initiated by women.
1917 - On February 28, the first message about the overthrow of the autocracy was received through railway telegraph operators in Yuryev-Polsky. Workers of city enterprises greeted this news with a procession with revolutionary songs in central square Yuryeva.
1917 – the women's pro-gymnasium was transformed into a gymnasium.
1917 - On August 5, the district Council of Peasant Deputies was organized in Yuryev-Polsky.
1917 - On September 12, a special committee of 12 people was created in Yuryev-Polsky. to protect the city.
1917 - the private women's gymnasium was transferred to the jurisdiction of the city government.
1917 - in September, at the Ganshin factory, a new composition of the factory committee was elected by secret ballot, headed by the Bolshevik I.Ya. Zhuravlev. The organization of a trade union among workers began.
1917 - in November the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd. Yuryevpol residents also took part in this armed uprising. One of them is a native of the village. Kumino Alexey Antonovich Dorogov, who served on the cruiser Aurora.
1917 - in Yuryev-Polsky in a building built under the leadership of engineer V.V. Gridnev on the bank of Koloksha, a three-year men's public school was opened, now better known as a “basic school”.
1918 – St. Michael the Archangel Monastery in Yuryev was closed (Newspaper “Vestnik Opolya” dated March 20, 2012).
1918 – On February 25, the new chapel of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated in the city of Yuryev.
1918 - On April 14, the second chapel in the Church of the Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated in the name of St. George the Victorious.
1918 - the factory committee insisted that the Ganshins and Ovsyannikovs vacate the houses and apartments they occupied to accommodate working families and factory organizations.
1918 - a central library was created on the basis of the district library, later renamed the district library.
1918 - in December the factory of the Ovsyannikovs and Ganshin was nationalized.
1918 - at the end of the year in Yuryev, the first current station was installed in the premises of a former church. A gas generating unit with a 43 kW dynamo was installed there. A gas generator engine with a coal fire, confiscated from the manufacturer Ganshin, was brought from the village of Dunaevki. The old oil engine was also moved there.
July 11, 1919 government agencies The cities were plundered by a gang of the staff captain of the tsarist army, Efim Skorodumov (Yushka).
In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum was founded.
Worship cross in honor of the 850th anniversary of the city of Yuryev-Polsky at the wall of the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery. 2002
Until 2010, Yuryev-Polsky had the status of a historical settlement, but by Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2010 N 418/339, the city was deprived of this status.
On October 15, 1956, air passenger service was opened on the route Yuryev-Polsky - Vladimir.
1967 - in Yuryev-Polsky and some surrounding villages, episodes of the feature film “The Golden Calf” based on the work of the same name by I. Ilf and E. Petrov (directed by M. Schweitzer) were filmed. Yuryev-Polsky appeared in the film as the town of Arbatov.
Archaeological monuments of the Yuryev-Polsky region
Archaeological monuments of the Yuryev-Polsky region.Yuriev Principality
- City of Mstislavl, 7-10, 11-13 centuries.
- Seminskoye settlement, 11-13, 14-17 centuries.
- Old Russian settlement in Turabyevo
Stromynskaya road.
Culture
In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum (Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery) was founded.
- Exhibition “Golden Calf” - the history of the local weaving factory and the tradition of artistic embroidery.
- Exhibition “Peasantry and Agriculture of Vladimir Opole”.
- Exhibition “Artistic Wood Carving” (located in the building of the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael before its transfer to the Church) – wooden sculptures of the 15th–19th centuries.
- St. George's Cathedral - interior of the cathedral: stones not used in the reconstruction of the building, graves of princes and paintings of the 17th century.
- Observation deck and exhibition “Monastic Cell” (in the belfry building). The exhibition consists of several narrow halls with uninteresting exhibits, and observation deck There is a good view of the city and surrounding fields.
- Art gallery (in the building of the Church of St. John the Evangelist) – Russian art of the 16th–19th centuries.
- Exposition dedicated to the life of P.I. Bagration - a museum of the famous commander of the Patriotic War of 1812.
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One of the most reliable and early written evidence about the attitude of Russian princes towards the Baltic peoples is the chronicle story of how Grand Duke Yaroslav in 1030 set out from Novgorod on a campaign against the Estonians and founded the city of Yuryev (named after the Christian name of the prince). “In the summer of 6538. Yaroslav went against the people for seven years, and I won, and established the city of Yuryev.” It is believed that the reason for Yaroslav's campaign could have been the fact that the Estonians took the side of Canute, the king of Denmark and England, whose opponent Olaf the Fat, king of Norway, received help from Yaroslav.
The fortress founded by Yaroslav was located on the highest elevation of the marshy meadow floodplain of the Emajõgi River. Trade routes passed here, connecting the South Estonian and Latvian regions, as well as the craft centers of Novgorod and Pskov with the harbors of Northern Estonia and Baltic Sea. During this period, numerous fortified settlements appeared, and in their place over time a number of urban-type settlements were formed: Yuryev, Otepää, Lindanise, Viljandi, etc. Inter-tribal strife intensified, clashes with neighboring tribes, in particular with the Varangians, became more frequent. The Estonians not only defended themselves from the Varangians, but also undertook campaigns on the island of Gotland and the coastal regions of Sweden and Denmark. Relations between the Estonian and Slavic tribes were approximately of the same nature. At the same time, “trade exchanges also took place between the tribes,” as well as with Novgorod and Pskov.
Reports from written sources before the 16th–17th centuries are very scarce. about the emergence and development of Yuryev. Apart from the aforementioned chronicle news and the “Chronicle of Livonia” by Henry of Latvia, which described mainly political events concerning Yuryev (Dorpat) at the beginning of the 13th century, there is nothing else worthy of attention, therefore of exceptional interest are archaeological excavations 60s our century on the territory of modern Tartu (Yuryev). The oldest period of existence of the settlement dates back, in all likelihood, to the middle of the 1st millennium and lasts until the 7th–8th centuries. In a layer from this period, “fragments of molded ceramics” were found different types, including a small amount of textile and hatched ceramics, characteristic of both Estonian and Slavic antiquities of the first half of the 1st millennium after the birth of Christ." A study of the finds of the layer dating back to the 10th–11th centuries showed that ceramic fragments typical of Novgorod in the early and mid-11th centuries predominate here, while it is not found anywhere in other settlements and burial grounds in Estonia.
This is a very significant sign of the connection between the population of Yuryev and Russian artisans and merchants or settlers; through them, pottery of Russian origin was distributed in the city. Among other finds of the same period, one can note iron arrowheads, similar to arrowheads from ancient Russian military mounds and largely characteristic of Novgorod. They were not found during excavations in other regions of Estonia, and therefore were not used and were not known there. Items made by Russian artisans also include twisted bronze bracelets, keys and locks of the so-called Kyiv type. Also interesting are several shards of red clay amphorae from the pre-Mongol period, which could only have gotten to Yuryev through the Russians. Amphoras of this type are not found anywhere in Estonia except Tartu. The mentioned finds allowed the archaeologist V. Trummal to conclude that the monuments of material culture of this period can be associated with the Russian settlement of the 30s. XI century He also believed that “the defensive structures and other buildings of the settlement could most likely have perished as a result of the fire of 1061.” . According to the chronicle, in the spring of 1061, Estonian peasants burned Yuriev and the villages nearby in order to get rid of the power of local princes, and also, apparently, to overthrow the power of the Russian prince. Some scientists, including H. A. Moor, at one time suggested that Yuryev could at that time be something like the patrimony of a Russian prince. Apparently, the Russian officials who lived here also built corresponding houses - “mansions”, which are mentioned in the same chronicle. This chronicle information explains the presence in Yuryev of material culture of ancient Russian origin.
Under Yaroslav and after him, the city developed and grew, and cultural ties with Russia strengthened. This can be judged from the shards of clay vessels of various types found in other parts of the city, similar to the ceramics of Novgorod and Pskov of the 12th–13th centuries. The same ceramics are present at the site in the layer of the next construction period. According to archaeological data, economic and cultural ties with Novgorod and Pskov continued during the 13th–14th centuries.
According to written sources, it is known that trade relations existed between Yuryev (Dorpt) and Novgorod in the 13th–15th centuries. Both cities were associated with the Hanseatic League, founded at the end of the 13th century, and, judging by the documents, Yuryev played an important role in it, because it was always mentioned in second place after Riga.
Of particular interest is the question of the situation of the Russian population of the city after the end of Russian rule. The chronicler says that their people “burned the mansions.” According to later information,
in Yuryev, in Zarechye, on the left bank of the Emajõga, a Russian suburb was founded on a hill. Sources of the 15th–17th centuries. they also talk about the existence of the “Russian end” on the right bank of the river. There is reason to think that both named settlements are closely related to each other, but it is difficult to establish when they arose. Sources of the 15th century characterize the “Russian End” as a legally independent settlement, which had its own administration, trading court and church.
This is evidenced by the 15th century Yuriev seal found in Pskov, published by V. L. Yanin. He noted that this seal, associated with St. George in its symbolism, confirmed the presence of the Church of St. George in the Russian end of Yuryev. The Kiev Metropolitan Isidore, who in 1439 was heading from Moscow to the Ferraro-Florentine Cathedral through Yuriev, spoke about this church on the left bank of the river, and therefore in the Russian suburb.
Among archaeological finds in Zarechye there is a rare coin of the 11th century, with the image of the heavenly patron of Prince Yaroslav - Saint George the Victorious, as well as silver jewelry from the beginning of the 12th century. According to M. H. Schmidehelm and E. Yu. Tõnisson, some of these decorations were made in one of the Russian craft centers. The jewelry was found in a peculiar silver vessel, the origin of which A.V. Bank considers to be Byzantine. These finds are indisputable evidence of the existence of trade relations between Yuryev and Ancient Russia. Priest N. Koger, who studied the history of the Church of St. George in Yuryev, pointed out that during the Crusaders’ attack on the city in 1224, this church was destroyed.
But there is information about another church in Yuryev, built in the name of St. Nicholas. Bishop Pavel claimed that Prince Yaroslav built two orthodox churches, “one - in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the other - in the name of his angel, the Great Martyr George." The existence of two churches, according to A. Sapunov, is also indicated by the story of the beginning and foundation of the Pskov-Pechersky Monastery: “At that time there was a certain priest, named John, from the Moscow country, nicknamed Shesnik; This John was priest in the city of Yuryev of Livonia with Isidore the presbyter in the temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and Great Martyr George, and Grand Duke Yaroslav Vladimirovich of Kiev established it from his estate.”
The memory of the founding of churches in Yuryev by Prince Yaroslav was preserved, and the fact of their founding was subsequently repeatedly referred to in various diplomatic documents. So, in particular, Tsar John IV wrote to the Danish king Frederick II, who was claiming his rights to Estonia: “Grand Duke George Vladimirovich, called Yaroslav, conquered Livonia, founded the city of Yuryev, built Greek churches there, invested the entire land of Denmark.”
Under the son and successor of Tsar John Theodore Ioannovich, the Russian boyars put forward the same arguments to the ambassadors of the German Emperor Rudolf II: “Our great sovereign, Grand Duke Yaroslav, placed the city of Yuryev in his name and the temple in Yuryev of his angel in the name of the passion-bearer of Christ George.”
During excavations in Tartu in 1982 on the territory Botanical Garden Human bones were discovered, and subsequently the remains of a wall made of brick and cobblestones. Scientists have suggested that this ancient cemetery and the northern part of the foundation of the supposed St. George's Church of the 14th–15th centuries. Apparently, at the end of the 15th century. The Church of St. George had already been destroyed, most likely by Hanseatic figures who were taking revenge for the closure of the “Peter’s Court”, important for the Hansa, by the Chamber of Commerce. Back in 1918, local historian and local historian of the city of Tartu, Richard Otto, suggested that the Church of St. George was originally located on Lai Street in the area of the so-called Russian Gate, now the territory of the Botanical Garden. His assumption was confirmed by an entry found in one of the minutes of the city hall in 1555 that the Church of St. George was in the possession of a certain Hans von Carpen, “which is in front of the Russian Gate.” This version is also confirmed by the fact that one of corner towers The city wall located here was called St. George's back in 1590. The temple in its type resembled the so-called merchant churches, which also had extensive warehouse premises. Unfortunately, there are no specific ideas about such Russian churches. In Riga and Tallinn, new residential areas are now located on the proposed site of similar buildings, and therefore they are closed to archaeological excavations.
Since the 16th century. written monuments already mention only one church in Yuryev (Dorpt) - in the name of St. Nicholas. It was originally located in the courtyard of the modern post office on the corner of 21 June Street. During the Reformation the building was badly damaged. At the end of the 16th century. the church belonged to the Jesuits, and to XVII century its building fell into complete disrepair and was destroyed.
The Tale of Bygone Years. Part 1. P. 101; also see: 3rd Pskov Chronicle: “In the summer of 6528. Yaroslav Volodymerich went from Novagorod to Chyud, and won, and established the city of Yuriev in his name” (Pskov Chronicles. M., 1955. Issue 2. P. 75).
Trummal V.K. Russian-Estonian relations from the 9th to the beginning of the 13th century. Tartu, 1955. P. 12. AKD.
Тгummal V. K. Archeoloogilised kaevamised Tartu linnusel // Scientific notes of TSU. Tartu, 1965. T. 161. pp. 37-38. Table 11 a-s.
Right there. P. 24. Fig. 6 a.
Medvedev A.F. Weapons of Novgorod the Great // Materials and research on the archeology of the USSR. No. 65. M., 1959. T. 2. P. 121-191.
YUR'EV (from 1030 to 1224 and from 1893 to 1919 - Yuryev, from 1224 to 1893 - Dorpat, after 1919 - Tartu), one of the oldest Russian cities in the Baltic states, 30 km from Lake Peipsi. The permanent settlement arose in the 5th century. In the “Tale of Bygone Years” Yuryev (fortified settlement) is mentioned in 1030 as the city of Yuryev, occupied and rebuilt by Yaroslav the Wise. Yuryev had a great strategic importance in the fight against the German crusading knights (1206-27). Defense of Yuryev by Estami in alliance with Prince. Koknese Vyachko from the autumn of 1223 to the summer of 1224 ended with the defeat of the Estonians and decided future fate mainland Estonia. Yuryev became the center of the bishopric (principality). The bishop's castle was founded, around which the city arose. Yuryev received city rights in the 1st half. XIII century From the 2nd half. XIII century to midday XVI - member of the Hanseatic League, was important in the Hanseatic trade with Pskov and Novgorod. During the Livonian War, the garrison of Yuryev capitulated to Russian troops in 1558; in n. 1570s destroyed. According to the Treaty of Yam-Zapolsky in 1582 it went to Poland. In the Polish-Swedish war in 1600 it was captured by Sweden, and in 1603 by Poland. In 1625 it again passed to the Swedes. In 1630, an academic gymnasium was opened in Yuryev, which in 1632 was transformed into a university, which operated intermittently until 1699 (1699-1710 in Pärnu). During the Livonian and other wars in Yuryev there was a decline in trade and crafts. In the 17th century Yuryev had 2 thousand inhabitants. During the Northern War, on July 13, 1704, the Swedish garrison of Yuryev capitulated to Russian troops; in 1708 it was completely destroyed. According to the Treaty of Nystadt in 1721, it was returned to Russia. The further development of Yuryev is connected with the Russian Yuryev (Dorpt) University, founded here, which played a prominent role in the history of science and culture of Russia.
Dorpat (German Dorpat) - a city in Estonia (now Tartu, Estonian Tartu) - one of the oldest cities in the Baltic states (in the 10th-11th centuries it was known as the settlement of the ancient Estonians - Tarpatu, although the permanent settlement on this site dates back to the 5th century ). Located on both banks of the river. Emajõgi, 30 km from its confluence with Lake Peipsi. First mentioned. in “PVL” (1030) as the city of Yuryev, occupied and rebuilt. book Kyiv. Yaroslav the Wise (and named after his Christian name - Yuri). Until the beginning XIII century Yuryev was in close contact with nearby Pskov and Novgorod the Great. In 1215 it was captured by the Germans, but in 1223 it was liberated as a result of the general uprising of the Estonians. A detachment of 200 people arrived from Novgorod to protect the city. headed by Prince. Vyacheslav Borisovich (Vyachko). In 1224 after a long time. During the siege of Yuryev, Livonia was recaptured. knights, who renamed it D. and made it the center of Dorpat. bishopric. From the end XIII to mid. XVI centuries was part of the Hanseatic League and played an important role in its trade with Novgorod and Pskov. Under 1328 in Moscow. The chronicle notes a big fire in D.: “That same summer, the whole city of German Yuriev burned down, and the shrines and stone platas fell, and the fire in the platas of Germans was 2000 and 500 and 30, and in Rus' 4 people.” Often D. mentioned. in the Novgorod Chronicles and in discharge records from the time of the Livonian War of 1558-1583. In 1558, the Dorpat garrison capitulated to the Russians. According to the Treaty of Yam-Zapolsky (1582), the city went to Poland. In 1600 it was captured by the Swedes, and in 1603 - again by the Poles. In the summer of 1656, during the Russian-Swedish period. war, was taken by the Russians, but after an unsuccessful 2-month period. the siege of Riga, they were forced to leave Livonia, including D. Of the ancient buildings, only the ruins of the 3-nave Vyshgorod Cathedral (XIII-XV centuries) and the Ivanovo Church (XIV century) have been preserved here.
