Ancient seven wonders of the world presentation. Very interesting presentation "Seven Wonders of the World". Statue of Zeus at Olympia
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Pyramid of Cheops Built in 2550 BC. e. Place: Giza (Egypt). Creators: Egyptians. The only “miracle” that has survived to this day. Purpose of the structure: tomb of Pharaoh Cheops.
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon Built in 600 BC. e. Place: Babylon (Iraq) Creators: Babylonians Destroyed: After the 1st century BC. e. Cause of destruction: earthquake Purpose of the structure: They were created for the wife of King Nebuchadnezzar II..
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Statue of Zeus at Olympia Built: 435 BC e., sculptor Phidias Place: Olympia (Greece) Creators: Greeks Destroyed: V-VI centuries. Cause of destruction: burned in Constantinople during a fire at the Hippodrome in the 5th century. Purpose of the structure: temple statue in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Built: 550 BC e. Place: Ephesus (Türkiye) Creators: Lydians, Greeks, Persians Destroyed: 370 BC. e. 356 BC e. (Herostratus) or 262 AD. e. (Goths) Cause of destruction: fire Purpose of the structure: was built in honor of the goddess Artemis
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Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Built: 351 BC e. Place: Halicarnassus (in the southwest of Turkey) Creators: Carians, Persians, Greeks Destroyed: 1494 Cause of destruction: earthquake; preserved: foundations, architectural fragments; in the British Museum in London - statues of Mausolus and his wife Artemisia, reliefs, statues of lions Purpose of the structure: it was erected as a tombstone of the Carian ruler Mausolus by his wife, Queen Artemisia
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Colossus of Rhodes Built: between 292 and 280. BC e. Place: Rhodes (Greece) Creators: Greeks Destroyed: 224 (or 226) BC. e. the bronze body was dismantled in 654 AD. e. Cause of destruction: earthquake Purpose of the structure: was installed by the sculptor Chares to perpetuate the memory of the victory of Rhodes over Demetrius Poliorcetes (304 BC)
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Alexandria Lighthouse Built: III century BC e. Place: Alexandria (Egypt) Creators: Ptolemaic Dynasty Destroyed: 303 BC BC-1480 AD (lasted for 1500 years) Cause of destruction: earthquake Purpose of the structure: the light of this lighthouse was very useful for navigation.
Seven wonders of the world
Seven Wonders Ancient World
Seven wonders of the world or Seven Wonders of the Ancient World- a list of the most famous buildings of ancient architecture. The very choice of number is consecrated by the most ancient ideas about its completeness, completeness and perfection, because number 7
considered a sacred number god Apollo. Mention of the seven wonders of the world appears in the writings of Greek authors. They included descriptions of the most grandiose, most magnificent or, in a technical sense, the most amazing buildings and monuments of art.
Egyptian Pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops (Khufu) takes first place from the "Seven Wonders of the World", and is the only one that has survived to this day. She is the most large pyramid in Egypt. Previously, its height was about 146 meters, and today it is approximately 138 m. The date of construction dates back to somewhere around 2600 BC, although this is imprecise and is disputed by many scientists.
Today, this stunning building surprises with its size and incredible accuracy of engineering calculations. There is an assumption that these stone giants are space observatories. After all, the shape of the pyramids exactly follows the contours of the Orion constellation.
Others believe that these buildings used to serve as powerful energy generators. They were originally covered in limestone, and shone in the sun like supernatural beacons.
Inside the first wonder of the world - the pyramids of Cheops, you will find three chambers: underground, “Queen's Chamber” and “Pharaoh's Chamber”.
You can get inside the artificial mountain through a natural entrance, located at an altitude of about 15 meters (somewhere like a 5-story building) or through an artificial one, which was made in 820.
Fragments of the cladding with which the pyramid was initially completely covered.
Pyramid of Cheops in section
Pyramid of Cheops in the 19th century.
Pyramid of Cheops in the 21st century.
In the list of “Seven Wonders of the World”, the second wonder is considered hanging gardens Babylon. This truly legendary structure was created in 605 BC. However, already in 562 BC. this architectural masterpiece was destroyed by floods.
Despite the well-established connection between the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the name of the Assyrian queen, Semiramis, who lived around 800 BC, scientists consider this a misconception. In fact, the official version of the origin of this wonder of the world is as follows.
To prevent liquid from leaking to the lower floors, the platforms of each tier, consisting of huge slabs, were covered with lead leaves and covered with asphalt.
Water was supplied upward using a specially designed mechanism pumping it from the Euphrates River. To do this, the slaves turned a huge wheel, irrigating the Hanging Gardens of Babylon with a sufficient amount of moisture.
The hundred-meter walls of Babylon and the crowns of trees towering above them instilled in everyone who saw this wonder of the world the thought of the power and strength of the kingdom.
If Hanging Gardens of Babylon still existed then, to look at them we would have to go to Iraq, since it was in this state that the ruins were found ancient city Mesopotamia - Babylon.
Temple of Artemis of Ephesus- This is the third wonder of the world. The origin is hidden in the name itself famous temple- This ancient greek city Hilt.
If it existed to this day, then you would have to go to Turkey, to the city of Selcuk, Izmir Province, to see it with your own eyes. But we have to be content with only photographs of reconstructions and engineering models of the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus.
After this, the building was restored to its original form, with the help of funds allocated by Alexander the Great himself.
The dimensions of the third wonder of the world - the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus, were as follows. Width -
52 m, length – 105 m, and height – 18 meters. The roof lay on 127 columns.
There is information left that
At the opening of the Temple of Artemis, the townspeople were indescribably delighted. The best sculptors, artists and craftsmen of the ancient world worked on the decoration of this wonder of the world. The statue of Artemis of Ephesus was made of gold and ivory.
The temple not only had religious significance, but also represented the largest economic, business and cultural Greek center in Ephesus.
Mid 263 AD religious building was plundered by the Goths. At the end of the 9th century AD, when pagan religions were banned, a Christian church was built on the site of the temple. However, after some time it was destroyed.
In 1869, the English archaeologist John Wood managed to find traces of one of the seven wonders of the world - the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus.
Despite many problems and swampy terrain in the excavation area, D. Wood managed to find the remains of a once majestic building.
Unfortunately, little has survived to this day, and today you can see a single, restored column standing proudly on the site of the Temple of Artemis.
Until now, this place in Turkey attracts many tourists who want to see the location of one of the seven wonders of the world.
The Olympic Games, to which the Greeks paid so much attention, were held, as a rule, in honor of the pagan god Zeus.
However, the temple of this mythical character did not exist! Only in 466-465 BC was a unique building built in Olympia, where a
grand statue of Zeus, which is considered the fourth wonder of the world.
Excavations of Phidias's workshop
The builder of this masterpiece is a famous Athenian architect and sculptor named Phidias. Sources have been preserved indicating that the author was very picky about the material from which he created the sculpture of the Olympian Zeus. So, 80 meters from the temple itself, by order of Phidias, a workshop was built that exactly replicated the dimensions of the religious building.
Olympic miracle ratio
The light - the statue of Zeus and the building itself in which it was installed - produced an amazing effect.
The statue was presented to the Greeks in
435 BC. Phidias ordered a rectangular pool to be dug at the foot of his masterpiece. Then water was poured in, and a layer of olive oil was added on top.
The unique decoration of the sculpture and the trick described above allowed the rays of the sun to be reflected so that it seemed as if the light was coming from the statue of Zeus itself. At the opening, Phidias stood in the depths of the temple, enjoying the shock of the spectators.
The fate of the architect is not known for certain.
This “Wonder of the World” stood for about 800 years. At the beginning of the 5th century AD, when Christianity was established in the Roman Empire state religion, all pagan temples were closed. However, in order to avoid the looting of a unique cultural monument, they decided to transport the sculpture of Zeus to Constantinople. It was there, in 425, during the fire of the temple, statue of Zeus from Olympia was destroyed.
Despite this, it was included in the “Seven Wonders of the World” as an example of the extraordinary engineering, artistic and sculptural achievements of antiquity.
The fifth wonder of the world is Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. In the Turkish resort city of Bodrum, scientists have discovered the ruins of the wonder of the world, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.
The ancient structure was named after the ruler of Caria, Mausolus, as it was his tombstone. In the 4th century BC, King Mausolus, together with his wife, Queen Artemisia, decided to perpetuate their memory following the example of the Egyptian pharaohs. For these purposes, a grandiose structure was erected, which became a “miracle of the world.”
In Greece, on the shore Aegean Sea, located ancient island Rhodes. It was there, in 280 BC, that the sixth wonder of the world - Colossus of Rhodes .
It all started with the fact that after the collapse of the empire of Alexander the Great, Demetrius I attacked Rhodes. With him were about forty thousand warriors. Having besieged the main port city, he kept the siege for more than a year. Then, despite the fact that a lot of effort was spent establishing siege engines, Demetrius decided to retreat, abandoning all the buildings. The Rhodes residents, shocked by this turn of events, sold all the things left behind by the occupiers, deciding to use the proceeds to erect a monument to the Sun God Helios. According to legend, Helios was the creator of the island.
The monument was commissioned from the outstanding sculptor of that time - Jerez. The main material was chosen
bronze, more than 13 tons were used during construction. In addition, the sculptor used 8 tons of iron and large number stones
The fate of the Colossus of Rhodes was merciless. Just 65 years later, in approximately 225 BC, an earthquake occurred, which destroyed it.
The statue broke near its knees and fell to the ground.
Despite the defeated state of Helios, this place attracted the attention of many ancient travelers.
The height of the sculpture was about 60 meters (approximately the height of an eighteen-story building).
After lying on the ground for about 900 years, the statue was sold by the Arabs, who at that time captured Rhodes.
Accurate information about appearance architectural masterpiece No. Sixth " Wonder of the World" Colossus of Rhodes is still the subject of controversy, fantastic hypotheses and assumptions. In 2008, there was talk of reconstructing the sculpture using a lighting installation.
The seventh wonder of the world is the Lighthouse of Alexandria(aka Faros lighthouse). It was built in the 3rd century BC on the Mediterranean Sea.
In Egypt, on the small island of Pharos, not far from Alexandria, there was a bay that was of great importance for merchant ships. It was for this reason that the need arose for the construction of the Faros lighthouse.
During the reign of Ptolemy II in Egypt, it was decided to build the famous lighthouse. According to the plan, the implementation of the idea should have taken 20 years, but all residents saw the masterpiece much earlier. The main architect and builder of this structure is Sostratus of Cnidus.
At night, flames reflected water surface, were visible at a distance of more than 60 kilometers, allowing ships to safely pass the reefs. During the day, instead of light, a column of smoke was used, which was also visible extremely far away.
Large amounts of fuel were required to maintain the flame. The wood was transported along a spiral ramp on mule-drawn carts.
Behind the flames stood bronze
plates that directed light into the sea. The lighthouse was also used as a defensive fortress.
However, the reconstruction was not destined to be completed, and by the end of the 15th century, Qait Bey, the famous sultan, founded a fortress on the foundations of the lighthouse. By the way, it still exists.
In 2015, the Egyptian authorities approved a project to rebuild the lighthouse.
Materials used:
- Website: ped-kopilka.ru
- Website: interesnyefakty.org
- Website: https://ru.wikipedia.org
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Pyramids of Giza Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus at Olympia Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes Lighthouse of Alexandria
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Pyramids of Giza
The Giza Pyramid Complex is a complex of ancient monuments on the Giza Plateau in the suburbs of Cairo, the modern capital of Egypt. It is located about 8 km towards the center of the Libyan Desert from the old city of Giza on the Nile River, about 25 km southwest of the center of Cairo. It is generally accepted that the buildings were created in the Old Kingdom Ancient Egypt during the reign of the IV-VI dynasties (XXVI-XXIII centuries BC).
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These days, these pyramids have undergone slight changes. This is the only miracle that has survived to this day.
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are one of the Seven Wonders of the World. A more correct name for this structure is the Hanging Gardens Amitis (according to other sources - Amanis): this was the name of the wife of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II, for whose sake the gardens were created. Presumably located in ancient state Babylon, near modern city Hilla. According to an alternative version, based on re-decipherment of cuneiform tablets, they could be located in Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian kingdom, and were built at the beginning of the 7th century BC.
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In the 1st century BC e. the flood destroyed the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the bricks of the hastily built gardens were not fired enough, high columns collapsed, platforms and stairs collapsed.
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Statue of Zeus at Olympia
The statue of Zeus in Olympia is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the World that was located in mainland Europe (in the city of Olympia). The statue of Zeus at Olympia is the third wonder of the ancient world. It was erected in the 5th century BC. Marble Zeus was larger in size than all existing temples at that time. The massive roof of the building measuring 27 by 64 m was supported by columns made of limestone. The exploits of Zeus were depicted on the marble pediments of the temple. The statue of Zeus was erected by Phidias.
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The last mention of the statue dates back to 363 AD. e. In the 11th century, the Byzantine historian George Kedrin recorded a local “legend”, according to which at the beginning of the 5th century AD. e. the statue of Zeus was still intact. According to his information, it was either transported to Constantinople, where it burned down during a fire in 476, or it was not transported anywhere, and it perished along with the temple in a fire in 425.
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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus - one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located in greek city Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor (currently the city of Selcuk in the south of Izmir province, Türkiye). The first large temple was built in the middle of the 6th century BC. e.
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According to legend, in 356 BC. e. a certain vain citizen of Ephesus named Herostratus set fire to the great temple, thus wanting to become famous. Later in 263, the sanctuary of Artemis was sacked by the Goths. During the time of Emperor Theodosius I, when all pagan cults were banned in 391-392, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus was closed. A church was built on the site of the temple, which later also collapsed.
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Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Halicarnassus Mausoleum (Greek: ΜαυσωλείοτηςΑλικαρνασσού; Turkish: HalikarnasMozolesi) is a tombstone of the Carian ruler Mausolus (Greek: Μαύσωλος), built in the middle of the 4th century BC. e. by order of his wife Artemisia III in Halicarnassus, modern Bodrum (Turkey), one of the ancient wonders of the world. As a structure, it was a complex combination of the dynastic monument of the Hecatomnides, the heroon and the tomb of Mausolus.
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The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. In the 13th century it collapsed from a strong earthquake, and in 1522 the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the Knights of St. John for the construction of the fortress of St. Petra. In 1846, the ruins were explored by a British Museum expedition led by Charles Thomas Newton. Based on the results of the research, several options for reconstructing the original appearance were compiled, one of which was used as the basis for the Grant Mausoleum in Manhattan.
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Colossus of Rhodes
Colossus of Rhodes (Greek: ΚολοσσόςτηςΡόδου, Latin: ColossusRhodi) - giant statue ancient Greek God of the Sun - Helios, who stood in port city Rhodes, located on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea, in Greece. One of the "Seven Wonders of the World".
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The colossus stood for sixty-five years. In 222 or 226 BC. e. The statue was destroyed by the Rhodes earthquake. The remains of the colossus lay on the ground for more than a thousand years, until finally they were sold by the Arabs, who captured Rhodes in 977, to a merchant who, as one chronicle says, loaded 900 camels with them. There was a legend: when the statue of the Colossus of Rhodes was erected, an earthquake occurred, after which it collapsed. The statue was restored again, and again there was an earthquake. The sages said that if the people erected the statue again, the island of Rhodes would go under water.
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Alexandria Lighthouse
Alexandria lighthouse (Faros lighthouse) - a lighthouse built in the 3rd century BC. e. on the island of Pharos near the Egyptian city of Alexandria, one of the 7 wonders of the world.
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By the 12th century AD. e. Alexandria Bay became so muddy that ships could no longer use it. The lighthouse fell into disrepair. The bronze plates that served as mirrors were probably melted down into coins. In the 14th century, the lighthouse was completely destroyed by an earthquake. A few years later, its ruins were used to build a fortress. The fortress was subsequently rebuilt several times. In 2015, the Egyptian authorities approved a project to rebuild the lighthouse.
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N Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This is a list of the greatest and most amazing buildings and monuments. Some, if not all, of the Wonders of the World are astonishingly technical. One very interesting fact
: from all Seven Interesting facts and characteristics: miracles ancient world Only one miracle has survived to this day - this Cheops pyramid.nThe construction of the pyramid lasted 20 years. nConstruction began around 2560 BC. nThe entrance is at an altitude of 15.63 meters. nThe height of the pyramid is approximately 138.7 meters. nThe length of the side face decreased by 5 meters over time (from 230.33 m to 225 m). nThe average weight of 1 stone block that makes up the pyramid is 2.5 tons. nThe heaviest stone block is 15 tons. nThere are about 2.5 million stone blocks in total. nThe total weight of the pyramid is approximately 6.25 million tons. Hanging Gardens of Babylon nThe correct name of this wonder of the world is Hanging GardensAmitis. nBasically Hanging Gardens of Babylon is a pyramid of 4 tiers-platforms. nThe tiers are supported by 25 meter columns. nThe lower tier is an irregular quadrangle (one side is 42 meters, the other 34). nThe pyramid looks like an ever-blooming hill, which was planted with rare trees and flowers. n Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. nThe width of the temple was 51 meters. nLength 105 meters. nThe height of the columns is 18 m. nThere are 127 columns in total, which were arranged in 8 rows. nEach column was a gift from the king. 127 columns - 127 kings. (based on legend). n Statue of Zeus at Olympia nThe entire temple in which there was Zeus statue, was made entirely of marble (even the roof). nThe temple took 10 years to build, but the statue of Zeus did not appear in it right away. nThe author of the sculpture is Phidias. nMore about creating a statue: nPhidiy created the statue in his workshop, which was located 80 meters from the temple itself. nThe workshop was built near the temple and was exactly the same in size as the temple itself. nPhidias was very picky about the material, especially the ivory from which the body of Zeus was made. nThis was a very expensive project by our standards: one day the temple received material that included both gems, and 200 kg of pure gold. For reference, the cost of the gold alone that was required to create the statue was approximately $8 million. n Mausoleum at Halicarnassus nConstruction of the Mausoleum began in 353. B.C. nThe construction site was managed by Mavsol’s wife, Artemisia. nTwo very famous sculptors were involved in the construction: Leochara, Skopas. nThe mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. nIt was destroyed in the 13th century by an earthquake. Colossus of Rhodes. nBuilt in the 3rd century BC. e. in the city of Alexandria. nThe lighthouse was built for a completely ordinary purpose - to prevent ships from bumping into reefs. At night, the ships were helped by the reflection of flames, and during the day by a column of smoke. n The world's first lighthouse. nThe Alexandria Lighthouse stood for almost 1000 years. nLike many wonders of the ancient world was destroyed by an earthquake. n
Shteinikova Lyubov Nikolaevna
WONDERS OF THE WORLD
Over the centuries, people have compiled a variety of lists of wonders of the world.
1 Three miracles according to Herodotus
2 Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
3 Modern seven wonders of the world
4 Man-made miracles Sveta
5 Wonders of the Natural World
6 Seven natural wonders light from CNN
7 Wonders of the World from the BBC
Purpose of the study
Do we know about our ancestors what they wanted to tell about themselves?
Research methods
Scientific literature
Children's surveys
Internet resources
- Find out the secrets of our world through the messages of our ancestors
- Understand what they left us as a legacy
- Feel where and how our ancestors lived
- Find out how we preserve their memory
Wonder of the World, 3rd century BC
1. Pyramid of Cheops (Giza, 2550 BC),
Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu) - the largest of Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the “Seven Wonders of the World” that has survived to this day.
It is assumed that construction, which lasted twenty years, ended around 2560 BC. e.
] Architect Great Pyramid Hemiun, vizier and nephew of Cheops, is considered.
The pyramid is called "Akhet-Khufu" - "Horizon of Khufu" (or more accurately "Related to the sky - (it is) Khufu").
Pyramid of Cheops
The pyramid was originally made of white limestone.
The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone.
The facing shone in the Sun with a peach color, like “a shining miracle, to which the Sun God Ra himself seemed to give all his rays.
In 1168 AD. e. The Arabs sacked and burned Cairo. Residents of Cairo removed the cladding from the pyramid in order to build new houses.
Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three burial chambers, located one above the other.
There are ventilation ducts inside the pyramid.
It is believed that the people who built the pyramid had scientific knowledge in the fields of geometry, astronomy, and physics.
Because the pyramid was built taking into account the number PI, corridors and channels were built inside it, which show the direction to different sides of the world, indicate the position of the stars in the sky.
Also, near this pyramid, 7 pits were found in which stood boats built from cedar without a single nail.
There is a lot of incomprehensible things in this pyramid, because... there are many dead ends laid in limestone, the pyramid itself is made of geopolymer concrete, the production of which was opened quite recently.
Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, Türkiye 356 BC. e.
According to legend, Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo.
Artemis took care of everything that lives on earth and grows in the forest and field. She took care of wild animals, herds of livestock, she caused the growth of herbs, flowers and trees. Artemis did not abandon people with her attention - she gave happiness in marriage and blessed the birth of children.
The temple was burned by Herostratus, a resident of Ephesus. According to the decision of the rulers, his name had to be erased from history and from the memory of people.
Alexander the Great gave money for the construction of a new temple.
In 263, the sanctuary of Artemis was sacked by the Goths.
Over time, the temple sank into the mud of the swamp.
Now there is one column on the site of this temple.
Halicarnassus Mausoleum, Türkiye, mid-4th century BC. e.
Halicarnassus Mausoleum is the tombstone of the Carian ruler Mausolus.
It began to be built during the lifetime of Mavsol.
The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. In the 13th century it collapsed from a strong earthquake, and in 1522 the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the knights to build a fortress.
Colossus of Rhodes, Greece
The Colossus of Rhodes is a giant statue of the ancient Greek sun god Helios, which stood in the port city of Rhodes.
The statue stood for 65 years.
The statue was destroyed twice by earthquakes. The sages said that if the people erected the statue again, the island of Rhodes would go under water.
The remains of the Colossus lay on the ground for more than a thousand years, until they were finally sold by the Arabs. The Arabs loaded 900 camels. While this statue lay on the ground, people came and hugged it. Hugging Kolos's finger, the girth of the arms was not enough. This suggests that the statue was 60 meters high.
In November 2008, it was announced that the statue would be reconstructed as a lighting installation. It will be 100 meters high. It will cost about 200 million euros.
Lighthouse of Alexandria (Alexandria, 3rd century BC).
Lighthouse of Alexandria was built in the 3rd century BC. e. in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, so that ships could safely pass the reefs on their way to the Alexandria Bay. At night they were helped in this by the reflection of flames, and during the day by a column of smoke. The total height of the lighthouse is 120-140 meters, its light was visible at a distance of 60 km. It was the world's first lighthouse, and it stood for almost a thousand years, but in 796 AD. e. was severely damaged by the earthquake. Subsequently, the Arabs who came to Egypt tried to restore it, and by the 14th century. the height of the lighthouse was about 30 m. At the end of the 15th century. Sultan Qait Bey erected a fortress on the site of the lighthouse, which still stands today.
Great Wall of China
About a million people took part in the construction.
The length of the wall with all branches is 8 thousand 851 kilometers and 800 meters.
The wall was supposed to clearly define the boundaries of Chinese civilization.
Today, more than 40 km of the wall have already disappeared, and only 10 km are still standing; the height of the wall in some places has decreased from five to two meters.
The wall is gradually crumbling.
Colosseum, Ancient Rome
The Colosseum is an amphitheater that is built at the bottom of a pond. Gladiator battles, animal fights, theatrical performances and other entertainment took place here.
When the wars began, the Colosseum served as a fortress.
Now this site is guarded and excursions are held there.
Recently, excavations were carried out at the site of the Colosseum and basements were found inside the theater, which once served to push groups of people and animals, trees and other decorations into the arena, and, possibly, to fill it with water and lift ships up.
Machu Picchu, South America, Peru
Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca city. The name translates as “city in the clouds.” This city served as a winter shelter for the ruler of Pachacutec. There are no more than 200 buildings in Machu Picchu. And up to 1,200 people lived in and around it, who worshiped the Sun God there. Why did the Incas leave this city without who doesn't know.
Hidden in the mountains, no one could find the city for a long time. For the world" Lost City“The Incas was discovered only in 1911 and today amazes tourists with the level of engineering.
It is believed that on the tops of these mountains, local priests watched the movement of the sun in winter and on some days the sun seemed to cling to the tops of the mountains and illuminate the city. This was considered a good sign.
This is one of the most the most beautiful places on the planet. Built entirely of stone. The entire area is covered with very rich vegetation. Amazing beauty mountain landscape surrounding the complex.
Taj Mahal Asia, Agra, India
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum-mosque located in Agra, India.
Construction of the building began around 1632 and was completed in 1653; 20 thousand artisans and craftsmen worked.
Inside the mausoleum there are two tombs - the Shah and his wife.
The walls are made of polished translucent marble.
Marble has such a peculiarity that in bright daylight it looks white, at dawn pink, and on a moonlit night - silver.
According to an unconfirmed legend, a twin black marble building was supposed to be located on the other side of the river, but it was not completed. A gray marble bridge was supposed to connect these two buildings.
Christ the Redeemer Statue South America
Statue of Christ with outstretched arms on top of Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro. It is a symbol of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil in general. Made from reinforced concrete and soapstone.
The exact dimensions of the statue of Christ the Redeemer are: height - 38 meters, including the pedestal - 8 m; weight - 1145 tons; arm span - 30 meters.
Currently, the statue is visited by tourists.
Constantly being restored.
Amazon, Ecuador
Amazon - river South America, the largest in the world in size. Length 7000 km.
Over a vast space inhabited by more than a million of the most different types plants and animals, and this area, without exaggeration, can be called the world's genetic fund. Many of their species are not even described or identified.
Scientists say that per 10 km² of tropical forest there are 1.5 thousand species of flowers, 750 species of trees, 125 species of mammals, 400 species of birds and countless insects and invertebrates.
The Amazon jungle is home to many animals that can pose a serious danger to humans.
Anaconda snakes and poisonous shushui and jararaka, as well as the “brown spider”.
In the rivers there are electric stingrays, capable of generating an electrical charge that can kill a person, piranhas, capable of causing a serious wound with their bite, and canera condiru, capable of penetrating the urinary tract of humans and animals, and bringing its victim to death due to almost complete loss of blood.
There is also a freshwater dolphin.
Various species of tailless amphibians from the Dart frog family live on trees, the skin of which secretes a strong lipophilic poison - batrachotoxin.
In particular, some types bats are the natural reservoir of carriers of the rabies virus, and mosquitoes are carriers of leishmaniasis.
A humid, warm environment creates favorable conditions for the spread of malaria, dengue and other infectious diseases by their carriers. The screw insect lays eggs on wet clothes, in contact with human skin, digs into it and lays eggs.
There is a legend that the Amazons lived in these forests. The Amazons are tribes in which there were only one women. They captured men and gave birth to children from them. If a girl was born, then she was left in the tribe, and if it was a boy, then he was sent to his father.
Komodo National Park Indonesia
Komodo National Park is located in the center of the Indonesian archipelago.
This national park founded in 1980.
Territory national park It includes three main islands: Komodo, Rinca and Padar.
The most famous animal in the park is the Komodo dragon.
Puerto Princesa Underground River Karst caves Philippines
The Puerto Princesa Underground River is an underground river near the Philippine city of Puerto Princesa, on the island. Palawan (Philippines).
A National Park has been created in the area where it is located. underground river city of Puerto Princesa.
This river flows underground, in a cave.
Currently, 30 species of local mammals living in this park are described in the specialized literature.
Long-tailed macaques, bearded pigs, snakes, monitor lizards, and lizards live here. Amphibians are represented by 10 species. Philippine barburula, dugong, Hawksbill sea turtle.
Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
The Grand Canyon is one of deepest canyons in the world.
The width (at the plateau level) ranges from 6 to 29 km, at the bottom level - less than a kilometer. Depth - up to 1600 m.
The Colorado River flows through the Canyon. Previously, the river flowed on the surface of the earth i.e. along the plain, but as a result of the movement of the earth’s crust, the angle of the river’s flow changed and the water began to erode the rocks. The Grand Canyon is still growing larger due to ongoing erosion.
Great Barrier Reef northeast coast of Australia
The Great Barrier Reef is a ridge of coral reefs and islands in the Coral Sea, stretching along the north-eastern coast of Australia for 2500 km.
The modern history of its development lasts about 8000 years.
The vulnerability of coral reef ecosystems is due to the fact that corals require special conditions. The water temperature should not be lower than 17.5 °C (ideal temperature 22-27 °C). The water in which corals grow must have a certain salinity.
It is home to the Butterfly Fish, a blue-ringed octopus whose poison kills humans.
More than 400 species of corals live here.
On the Bolshoi barrier reef There are about 1,500 species of marine fish.
The South Reef Islands are a breeding ground for sea turtles.
A huge number of crustaceans also live here: crabs, shrimp, lobsters and lobsters. Even a small reef provides shelter for about a hundred various types shrimp and crabs. There are also a lot of shellfish on the reef.
Volcano Paricutin Mexico
Paricutin is the youngest Mexican volcano.
The formation of a new volcano is a rare phenomenon, and therefore the birth of Paricutin within the memory of this generation has given volcanologists and geologists a rare opportunity to study this process in more detail.
Lava first began pouring out of the volcano in July 1944. The volcano continued to operate until 1952.
Victoria Falls, South Africa
The waterfall is located on the Zambezi River in South Africa. The width of the waterfall is approximately 1800 meters, height - 108 meters.
Scottish explorers who visited the waterfall in 1855 named it in honor of Queen Victoria. Among the indigenous people of this area, the waterfall was known as "Thundering Smoke".
Victoria Falls is the only waterfall in the world that is over 100 meters high and over a kilometer wide.
During the dry season, the waterfall is reduced to a few narrow streams, and there is almost no spray or fog.
During the rainy season, more than 500 million liters of water per minute flow through the falls, and due to the enormous force of the falling water, the spray rises hundreds of meters into the air.
This place is often visited by tourists, and a railway for tourists.
The waterfall is located on the territory of two national parks - Thundering Smoke and Victoria Falls. . To Thundering Smoke National Park from South Africa two white rhinoceroses were introduced.
Nazca Lines in Peru
The Nazca Lines are a group of giant geometric and figurative geoglyphs on the Nazca Plateau in southern Peru. Images included include straight lines, triangles, spirals, a bird, a monkey, a spider and flowers. Since they reach several hundred meters in length, they are difficult to recognize from the ground. In our time, they were officially discovered during flights over the plateau in the first half of the 20th century.
In popular literature one can find speculation that the strips in the Nazca Desert are intended for landing alien spaceships, because until the beginning of the 20th century, humanity was not capable of flight.
The soil under the lines is compacted, which, according to the official version, is a consequence of the passage of a large number of people along the lines for ritual purposes.
It is quite possible that representatives of the Nazca culture could have been observational astronomers, at least according to Dr. Phyllis Pitluga (astronomer at the Chicago Planetarium). After an intensive study of the relative positions of the stars in Nazca using computer methods, she came to the conclusion that the famous image of the spider was conceived as a diagram of a giant star cluster in the constellation Orion, and the straight lines associated with this figure - like an arrow, the lines characterize the change in declination of three stars in Orion's Belt .
The lines themselves are applied to the surface in the form of grooves up to 135 centimeters wide and up to 40-50 centimeters deep.
to the world's largest Buddhist complex Borobudur in Indonesia
Borobudur (Indon. Borobudur) - buddhist stupa and related to it temple complex traditions of Mahayana Buddhism.
The title can be translated " buddhist temple on the mountain."
Until now, scientists cannot determine the exact date and duration of construction of this temple; they assume that the temple was built in the 7th-9th centuries.
The temple was built on a lake that was dried up by the ancestors. The building symbolizes the lotus - a sacred flower.
According to researchers, the structure can be considered as a huge book for pilgrims. As pilgrims make a ritual walk around each tier, they become acquainted with the life of the Buddha and the elements of his teaching.
Statue of Liberty in USA
Statue of Liberty, full name - Liberty Enlightening the World) is one of the most famous sculptures in the USA and in the world, often called the “symbol of New York and the USA”, “symbol of freedom and democracy”, “Lady Liberty”. This is a gift from French citizens for the centennial of the American Revolution.
Since its discovery, the statue has served as a navigational landmark and has been used as a lighthouse.
Visitors walk 356 steps to the crown.
There are 25 windows in the crown, which symbolize earthly precious stones and heavenly rays that illuminate the world. The seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the seven seas and seven continents.
The total weight of the concrete base is 27 thousand tons.
Imperial Forbidden City and terracotta army in China
The Terracotta Army is a burial site of at least 8,099 full-size terracotta statues of Chinese warriors and their horses, discovered in 1974 near the tomb of Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang near the city of Xi'an.
In this forbidden city the emperor was buried, and an entire army was buried with him. An army of statues. However, it is known that there were also burials of living people - the emperor’s servants, burials of livestock and jewelry.
Meenakshi Temple in India
Meenakshi Temple is a Hindu temple in the city of Madurai.
Inside the temple there is a sanctuary of the god Shiva-Sundaresvara and his sculptural image. On special religious days, the statue of the god is placed in a gilded carriage and taken out of the temple, an elephant is harnessed to it and a procession is made around the temple.
The temple is 258 meters wide and 223 meters long. Height - 51.9 meters.
It is topped with fourteen towers up to 50 meters high. Five towers are located inside the temple, the rest are outside. All of them are completely covered with many relatively small painted sculptures. These are multi-armed Shivas, many-faced goddesses, priests and musicians, mythical animals, men and women. There are many thousands of figures, not one is like the other.
Iranian Persepolis
Persepolis is an ancient Persian city that arose in the VI-V centuries. BC e.
Now the ruins of Persepolis represent a huge palace complex with an area of 135,000 m² on a high platform.
Persepolis had running water and sewerage and no slave labor was used in its construction.
There are a lot of buildings inside the city that represent historical heritage.
Libyan Leptis Magna
Leptis Magna, an abandoned city from antiquity on the territory of modern Libya, is considered perhaps the best-preserved Roman city that has survived to this day. Streets and porticoes, trade forums and triumphal arches, temples and baths, almost the entire city in plan - it’s amazing that all this has survived to this day. Excavations and research here continue, and every year new wonders are revealed to the eyes of archaeologists.
Greek Parthenon
The Parthenon is the most famous monument of ancient architecture.
Currently in a dilapidated state, restoration work is underway.
For many centuries, conquering warriors fought on the site of the Parthenon; the Parthenon suffered destruction and was repeatedly plundered. A lot of statues were taken out of the city, not to mention precious things.
- We did some research and found out that we don't know much about the legacy we've been given.
- However, most of the relics that have survived to this day are protected objects that are historical monuments.
- They are museums, nature reserves and are visited by tourists.
A person must take care of his land, his world and himself for the future of descendants
