History of Ireland. Ireland Is Ireland's geographical location favorable for tourism?

Ireland provides opportunities not only for excursion tourism, but also for agro- and ecotourism, and many opportunities for active recreation.

Ireland has many beautiful mansions and gardens open to public access. In order to plan your route correctly, you should pay attention to:

The Heritage Services, Duchas- The Department of Arts and Cultural Heritage is responsible for preserving the island's nature and historical monuments, including prehistoric burial grounds or monasteries, medieval castles and national reserves. This organization lists 65 monuments

Heritage Towns of Ireland— This organization unites cities and villages with valuable architectural monuments.

Houses, Castles and Gardens of Ireland— The association includes important architectural monuments.

Heritage Island— The consortium unites monuments throughout Ireland - North and South.

National Trust— The trust was approved for the protection of the coast, the countryside. The trust list includes 600 miles of coastline and more than 200 mansions and gardens. It is a charitable organization, independent of government, entirely dependent on donations from its members.

Northern Ireland Museum Council— This is a charitable organization sponsored by the Department of Culture. Supports Northern Ireland museums.

Ireland has excellent fishing opportunities - a network of canals, lakes, rivers and coastal seas. Sea fishing is just as good as river fishing.

Other types of tourism in Ireland

Cruises

What could be better than a river cruise on the rivers and lakes of Ireland, including Shannon, Barrow, Grand Canal, Erne? A cruise is a wonderful vacation for the whole family, a group of friends or a couple in love. It doesn't matter if you've never sailed a yacht before, you'll be taught on the spot and set off on an exciting voyage.

Bicycle tourism

This is a very favorite sport among the Irish, many of them are famous athletes. A bicycle is a very good means of transportation if you appreciate the beauty of rural landscapes. You can always rent a bike from the operator or directly on the spot.

Horseback Riding

During the Middle Ages, according to Breton law, only noble people could ride horses. Nowadays, more and more tourists are interested in horse riding.

Many programs include exciting horseback riding trips.

Horse racing

Horse racing is very popular in Ireland, with 25 races taking place throughout Ireland each year.

Celtic football. Rugby. Football

There are many sporting events taking place throughout Ireland.

Hiking

Ireland's landscapes make an ideal base for hiking.

Water tourism and sports

There are many types of sports in Ireland - rowing, sailing, kayaking.

Surfing, windsurfing

Holidays and festivals There are many fans of literature and music in Ireland, so cultural festivals are the favorite brainchild of the Irish. Plan your trip to Ireland to take part in the festival. Republic of Ireland - picturesque green Island in northern Europe. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to Great Britain, from which Ireland is separated by two straits - the North and St. George's. The Irish coasts are an alternation of bays, peninsulas and islets, mountains and lowlands, while

central part The island is occupied by flat terrain with isolated small hills. The area of the country is 70.2 thousand km². In the north it borders

Northern Ireland , part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of Ireland, Dublin, is the main cultural, administrative and industrial center of the country.

Largest cities

: Cork and Dublin.

Ireland is part of the European Union and the Eurozone. Time Ireland is located in the UTC+0 time zone, so the lag of local time from Moscow is 3 hours in summer and 4 in winter. Along with most European countries, Ireland is moving to

summer time

: 1 hour forward on the last Sunday in March and back on the last Sunday in October.

In summer, the sun rises at 06:00 and sets at 21:30. In winter, the sun rises at 08:00 and sets at 17:00.

Climate Foggy Albion is better known abroad than its Irish neighbor, but fundamentally they are no different - the same dull disposition due to the cloudy sky and rainy weather. Moreover, in the west of the country there is almost twice as much precipitation per year. The temperate oceanic climate makes weather in Ireland variable throughout the day. Winters in Ireland are quite mild, but summers are not much warmer: the air temperature is

It is best to plan a holiday in Ireland in the summer, when there is less rain and untouched nature all in bloom.

Population

The population of Ireland is about 3.9 million people, of which more than 1 million live in the capital Dublin. 88.6% are Irish, part of the Celtic ethnic group. The rest of the population comes from Scotland, England, Asia and Africa.

Device

Ireland is a parliamentary republic led by a president.

There are 26 counties in the country: Cavan, Donegal, Monaghan, Carlow, Dublin (with capital of the same name states in it), Kildare, Kilkenny, Laish, Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly, West Meath, Wicklow, Wexford, Kerry, Clare, Cork, Limerick, Tepperary, Waterford, Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo.

Language

The official languages of the country are Irish and English. About 20% of people in Ireland speak French. And for the tourism sector, two international languages are quite enough.

English-speaking tourists will not need conversation books, since more than 90% of the population speak English as their native language, the rest - just very well. Irish is much less widespread, but the authorities are working hard towards a complete replacement in English Irish.

Money

Ireland is part of the eurozone, so as national currency The euro is recognized here. In the design of coins they are used National symbols what distinguishes them from monetary units other EU member countries.

It is most profitable to change money in banks (they have the most attractive rate), it is also possible in travel agencies, hotels, exchange offices, you can withdraw euros from an ATM using a plastic card. Both cash and Euro checks are exchanged.

Customs

You can bring any amount of foreign currency into Ireland, it must be declared regardless of the amount. You can take out no more than what is indicated in the entry declaration.

Information about duty-free import popular products (subject to payment of the necessary duties in the EU countries):

Tobacco products: 800 cigarettes;

Alcohol: 25 liters of wine, 50 liters of beer;

Perfumes: 50 ml perfume, 250 ml eau de toilette.

Personal items worth up to 175 euros are also imported duty free.

Visa

Ireland is not part of the Schengen zone, so you cannot enter the country with a Schengen visa from another country. To cross the Irish border, you must have a passport and a national visa, which can be obtained from the Irish Embassy. After submitting documents, the request is considered within 30 days.

The list of documents provided includes:

International passport,

Official invitation,

Extract from the place of work,

3 photos,

Receipt for payment of consular stamp duty.

Applications must be completed in English only.

An Irish visa is only valid for entry into the Republic of Ireland and cannot be used to enter Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom, or Great Britain).

Comprehensive information about necessary documents and conditions for obtaining an Irish visa can be obtained on the website of the Irish Embassy in Moscow: http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=87487

Healthcare

Medical care is at a very high level, but with corresponding prices - they are much higher than the European average.

Having health insurance is not required for a visa, but visa officers may still insist on obtaining it. In addition, insurance will help minimize hospitalization costs, which makes holidays in the country safer.

You must go to hospitals for help. Visits to the doctor are made by appointment, where a time and place of arrival will be assigned.

Residents of the UK and citizens of other countries of the European Union receive medical services under special conditions.

Behavior rules

Patriotism is a national trait of the Irish, nurtured by long centuries of not very happy relations with England. The Irish people treat their traditions with reverence and due attention; in recent years the Irish language has been actively promoting.

When dealing with foreigners, the Irish are quite cautious, but polite and always ready to help. Many Irish people are partial to equestrian sports, horse racing, and can discuss horses for a long time and with pleasure, this great topic for conversation. What is not worth mentioning is Northern Ireland and Great Britain.

In Ireland there is a smoking ban in restaurants, hotels, pubs, arcades and cinemas.

When visiting restaurants, cafes and pubs high class It is not necessary to leave a tip, as it is included in the cost of service. In other cases, it is customary to leave a tip of 10-12% of the order amount.

The majority of the country's inhabitants are Christians, although this is not obvious in the tourism sector. There are usually no restrictions on clothing, but in conversations it is better to avoid topics of other religions, atheism, abortion, and in general anything that does not fit into the interests of a righteous Christian.

Attractions

Wonderful nature - emerald fields, meadows and mysterious forests - combined with medieval castles, ancient cathedrals and fortresses enchant with their splendor and beauty. Walking in the fresh air along the Irish hills will allow you to admire natural landscapes and contemplate heavenly sunsets. This is where you can experience a sense of timelessness. Not in Ireland mass tourism, but this is good - there are no crowds of tourists here, creating characteristic background noise and preventing you from enjoying the pristine nature and ancient cultural monuments.

Thanks to its favorable climate, Ireland has an amazing combination of northern and southern vegetation types. The coast of the island is indented by fjords and abounds in many picturesque bays. Great value for lovers active tourism and recreation represent clear lakes and fast-flowing rivers teeming with trout and salmon. The spacious fields will delight golf lovers with an excellent game.

Dublin, oldest capital V northern Europe, immediately fascinates with amazing architecture of the XVIII century, wide streets, squares and magnificent mansions. The city breathes freely thanks to the many boulevards and squares. Fascinating and educational excursions will allow you to experience the life and customs of the Irish people.

Every serious guidebook will give you information about such Irish attractions as St. Anne's Cathedral, Eaillui Caves, Adir Village, Boile Abbey, Blairney Castle, Fort Don Iinis, St. Patrick's Cathedral, Heraldry Museum, Dublin Cathedral, King John's Castle, Stone, Gardens Pourscourt, Cruise Ring of Kerry, Gline Castle, Elephant Monastery, Mountusher Gardens, Mount Scrabo, Westport Mansion, Giants Terrace, Carrike-a-read-Ropeybridge, the cliff near the city of Cashel, Fort Grainan Ailich, Marble Arch caves, Knowth burial ground, etc.

Holidays

Most holidays are associated with cultural events, religion and the history of the state. It's quite interesting to watch how he marks them local population. Each event is celebrated in its own way, each holiday has its own rules and customs. Cultural tourism in this country is a complete holiday!

In Ireland, Christian and pagan holidays are celebrated, there are a lot of festivals and fairs, here are just a few of them. The Jazz Festival in February, the Early Music Festival in May, the Arts Festival in July, the Oyster Festival in September are all in County Galway. In June, it’s worth checking out County Kerry, where the Authors Week literary festival is held, and at the same time, a beauty pageant is held in Tralee. In September you can visit the Belfast Folk Music Festival and the Cork Film Festival, in October the Irish Gourmet Festival and the Jazz Festival are held in Cork, and the Theater Festival in Dublin. In November - Wexford Opera Festival. Horse racing is held all year round, this year small country There are 25 racecourses, and whenever a tourist comes to Ireland on holiday, he can always see this spectacle with his own eyes.

Brief information about public holidays and days off in Ireland:

the last Friday before Easter - Holy Friday

first Monday in May - Easter Monday

first Monday in June - Juneteenth holiday

first Monday in August - August holiday

last Monday of October - October holiday

Traditional cuisine

Irish cuisine is famous for its clever use of potatoes, vegetables, meat and salt cod. Seafood - crabs, oysters, mussels and fish - give national dishes an exquisite taste. Business card and face national cuisine are pot roasts and stews that are definitely worth trying, no matter how short your holiday in Ireland.

For dessert you should try Irish coffee, apple pie, potato cookies and amazing raisin muffins.

Fans of strong drinks simply must try the famous Irish whiskey, which is superior in taste to other brands of this drink in the world. And, of course, the brewing traditions are represented by the legendary Guinness brand.

Airports

International air traffic centers:

Dublin Airport is an airport in the capital of Ireland.

For many centuries, Ireland was the outskirts of all of Europe, and this despite the fact that many scientists and outstanding Irishmen worked in almost all corners of Europe. Over the centuries-old history, Ireland has repeatedly tried to turn into a Protestant state, the colonial yoke tried to seize it, and the inhabitants of this hungry and poor region tried to go to work overseas.

At present, Ireland is one of the most developed countries in the world with high GDP and HDI per person. Almost 30% of Ireland's GDP comes from exports of high-tech products and software. In addition, tourism is developing rapidly in Ireland. Thus, tourists from all over the world are attracted by the picturesque corners of the country, covered in Celtic legends. The most visited place in the state is Dublin, which was founded by the Vikings back in the 9th century. At the beginning of the 18th century, the city became the center of the struggle against British rule, and in 1919 Ireland became an independent state.

The most famous and historical monuments The capital is considered to be Trinity College, founded back in 1591, Dublin Castle of the 13th century, as well as the Gothic Cathedral of St. Patrick. Most of the residents can be found on the square or embankment. So, while walking along the embankment, you can visit the defense towers that were erected during the Napoleonic era. In one of the towers there is a museum of the famous writer James Joyce, who lived there for a long time. In addition, such a rare direction in tourism as equestrian tourism is developing in Ireland. The thing is that the Irish are proud of their traditions, which are hundreds of years old.

Popular centers of so-called equestrian tourism are the cities of Killarney and Birr. Ireland is also very popular country For resort holiday, in particular sailing. Here is the most real paradise for those who like to enjoy being alone and quiet nature. One of the most popular island is Blasket. It is located off the coast of the Dingle Peninsula. This island is home to one of the oldest lighthouses in the country. Despite the inactive island life, many residents try to move to the islands, where they experience a sense of solitude and peace. It is noteworthy that Irish landowners carefully preserve ancient traditions. Among the sites visited, it is worth highlighting the chapel in the town of Gallarus, which was made of stones back in the 6-7th century, the ruins of a cemetery and church on Holy Island, an Irish pub - a classic vacation spot for many Irish people, and much more.

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COURSE WORK

CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IRELAND

Work completed:

2nd year full-time student

Naumenko E.V.

Scientific adviser:

Doctor of Geography, Professor Fedorov G.M.

Kaliningrad

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………...3

1 NATURAL CONDITIONS, GEOGRAPHY…………………………………...4

1.1 Geographical location. ……………………………………………… 4

1.2 Climate. …………………………………………………………………….. .5

1.3 Natural attractions. ……………………………………...5

2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL SYSTEM………………………………………………………………………………………...6

2.1 Political structure. ………………………………………………….6

2.2 Industry. ……………………………………………………….. 6

2.3 Housekeeping. ………………………………………………………………………………….. .7

2.4 Standard of living. ……………………………………………………………....7

2.5 Currency and language. …………………………………………………………….....8

3 HISTORICAL – CULTURAL POTENTIAL AND TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE………………………………………………………………………………………...9

3.1 History. ……………………………………………………………………....9

3.2 Culture and traditions. ……………………………………………………....13

3.3 Tourism infrastructure. Accommodation facilities and facilities. ……………20

3.4 Transport. …………………………………………………………………...20

3.5 Food facilities. …………………………………………………………...22

3.6 Types of tourism. …………………………………………………………….....22

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………..27

LIST OF SOURCES USED………………………….....29

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………..…30

Introduction.

Today in our country and, in particular, in the Kaliningrad region, society has an increased interest in holidays abroad. This is due to economic development and an increase in the standard of living of the population. Most often, people choose to travel to Poland, France, Italy, and England. But for some reason ours travel companies They ignore a country like Ireland and practically do not develop programs for visiting this country. While it is quite popular among tourists European countries with its “turbulent” history, its own charming nature and an abundance of historical attractions.

The purpose of the work is the question: “What is Ireland and what do we know about it? ", as well as conditions and factors for the development of tourism in Ireland. The objectives of the study are as follows: study of the natural conditions and geographical location of the country, climate, socio-economic and political structure, historical and cultural potential and tourism infrastructure.

Before choosing a topic, I also knew little about the country. Only that it is an island - a saucer, inhabited by the descendants of the Celts with their own tragic history associated with wars over religions and territories. In order to learn the history of Ireland and all sorts of interesting factors, I used various sources from the Internet and travel magazines.

As it turns out, Ireland is a very quiet country. Life there flows along a calm and well-established channel. There is a feeling of thoroughness and accuracy in everything.

1 Natural conditions, geography.

1.1 Geographical location.

Ireland is a state that is located in western Europe and is located on most of the island of Ireland. In the north it borders with Northern Ireland, which is part of Great Britain. From the east the country is washed by the Irish Sea, and from other sides - Atlantic Ocean.

The length of the border with Great Britain is 360 km, the length of the coastline is 1,448 km. total area country 70,284 km 2 (land area - 68,890 km 2).

In the central part of the country there is a low-lying plain. At its base lie limestones and red sandstones, overlain by thick glacial deposits (up to 60 m). The plain is surrounded by hills and low mountains: the Kerry Mountains - Caranthuill Peak, 1,041 m) in the southwest, the Wicklow Mountains in the west, where karst is widespread, the Donegal Mountains in the north, in the northeast there is a plateau (Antrim) and lowlands based Tertiary outpourings of basalts. Ireland has a dense, deep river network (the Shannon River is the main one) and abundant lakes (Lough Ree, Lough Derg, Lough Corrib). Main natural resources: natural gas, zinc, barites, lead, oil, copper, gypsum, peat, silver. Arable lands occupy 14% of the country's territory, meadows and pastures - 71%. Oak broadleaf forests were exterminated already in the middle of the century and now occupy only about 1.5% of the country's territory, surviving only in a few areas, mainly mountainous. There are many artificial coniferous plantings. In the southwest, relict subtropical plants grow, for example, arbutus.

Animal world It is distinguished by comparative poverty, even by the complete absence of some animal species, for example, snakes. The seas surrounding Ireland are home to herring, cod, mackerel, flounder, and sardines.

1.2 Climate.

Ireland is often called the "Emerald Isle". Here, meadows and groves are green all year round, thanks to the warm and humid climate. Heat and moisture are brought by cyclones passing over the warm North Atlantic Current, which washes the western shores of Ireland. Drizzling rain and thick fog are common here. On average, up to 1,200 mm of precipitation falls annually. The heaviest recorded in Sperin and Antrim, where annual rainfall reaches 1,600 mm per year. In the East, closer to the coast, as well as to the southern and eastern shores Lough Neagh, rainfall does not exceed 800 mm per year. Overall, Ireland is slightly cloudier than England. This is due to the hilly landscape and proximity to the Atlantic. Winter is warm, January temperature is from + 5 to + 8 ° C, snow rarely falls. Summer is cool and rainy, the average July temperature is +15.1°C. Spring is cold and long, and autumn is late and warm.

Average monthly temperature in Dublin

Table 1

1.3 Natural attractions.

An impressive natural landmark of Ireland, the “Cliffs” are sheer cliffs almost two hundred meters high on the Atlantic coast of the country.

In addition: The Rock of Cashel - revered by the Irish as magical, it is surrounded by picturesque meadows, representing one of the best examples of a true Irish landscape.

Another interesting place– Connemara, rich in mountains and lakes that make a lasting impression. There are places here where the old Irish language is still spoken.

In the south of the island lies the Barren, a vast, murky limestone plateau that occupies much of Clark County. Perhaps this plateau will soon become a National Park.

The cliffs of the Cliff of Moher are seven hundred meters high.

2 Socio-economic conditions and political structure.

2.1 Political structure.

The full name of the country is the Republic of Ireland. The political system is a parliamentary republic. The country consists of 26 counties. The capital is Dublin. Ireland received independence on December 6, 1921 from Great Britain. National holiday– March 17 – St. Patrick’s Day. Executive power belongs to the president (head of state) and the government headed by the prime minister. A bicameral parliament consists of the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (Doyle) – lower house. The most influential political parties: Labor Party (LP), Fianna Foil (FF - Soldiers of Fortune), Progressive Democrats Party (PDP), Finn Gael (FG - united Ireland), Democratic Left Party.

2.2 Industry.

In the country’s economy, two sectors coexist - a large foreign one, mainly technologically advanced industries (mechanical engineering, electronics, chemical industry), and a local one, covering traditional industries (food, forestry, textiles, light industry).

Ireland's industry is primarily concerned with the processing of local agricultural products. In first place is the production of beer, porter, whiskey, dairy and meat products, tobacco, sugar, and flour. The second is the textile and clothing industry (tweed fabric, wool, rugs). There are enterprises for the production of mineral fertilizers, the assembly of cars and tractors, the production of building materials, and printing enterprises.

In Ireland, coal (more than 200 thousand tons per year) and peat (about 2 million tons per year) are mined.

2.3 Housekeeping.

Ireland is an industrial-agrarian country. The dominant position in agricultural production is occupied by large livestock farmers.

The main branch of agriculture is livestock farming - breeding Irish cattle.

Crop production largely serves the needs of livestock farming. Agriculture plays a small role in the economy and does not meet the country's grain needs.

Land use

table 2

There is also fishing in Ireland. Freshwater fish include salmon, trout, and eel; from sea - herring, cod and mackerel.

2.4 Standard of living.

The standard of living depends on many factors: income level, family well-being, medical care, public freedoms, gender equality, climate and many others.