City of Sudak, Crimea. The city of Sudak in Crimea: an ideal place to relax Summer holidays in Sudak

Sudak (Ukrainian: Sudak, Crimean: Sudaq, Sudak) is a seaside city of republican subordination in southeastern Crimea, a traditional center of wine production and a resort. Included in the Sudak City District (Sudak City Council).

In ancient times, the city was called differently: by the Byzantines - Sidagios and Sugdeya, by the Italians - Soldaya, in ancient Russian sources - Surozh. In Ottoman times, the city received the name Sudak, which to this day is translated from the Turkic Su (water), dak (mountain forest) - Sudak, which is also depicted in Aivazovsky’s painting “Flood in Sudak” (1897) - dacha the artist was located a few hundred meters from the mouth of the Suuk-Su.

Geography

Pike perch is located in the middle part southeast coast Crimean peninsula, 47 km northeast of Alushta and 42 km southwest of Feodosia. The city is located in the valley of the Sudak River, on the shore of Sudak Bay, bounded on the west by Mount Fortress, and on the east by Cape Alchak. The city is closed from the north by a ridge of mountains covered with beech and oak forests, as well as numerous pine forest belts of artificial origin. To the east is the arid Kapsel Valley. From the west - the area is typically Mediterranean in appearance.

Story

Genoese fortress (Sudak). Crimea

According to the conclusions made by a prominent Soviet ethnographer of the Caucasus, professor, doctor of historical sciences A.V. Gadlo, who led the Caucasian archaeological and ethnographic expedition of Leningrad State University, the city was founded by the Sugds (one of the Zikh (Adyghe) tribes, previously called the Sinds), presumably in 212.

Sudak Bay

In the Middle Ages, the city was called Sugdeia (Greek: Σουγδαία) and Soldaia (Italian: Soldaia), and its population grew due to the arrival of traders, merchants and artisans from different countries, including Greeks and Italians. In the 6th century, by order of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, a fortress was built in Sudak. The monument of Byzantine literature “The Life of St. Stephen of Sourozh” describes the capture of Sourozh at the end of the 8th or beginning of the 9th century by the Rus:

The great Russian army under the command of Prince Bravlin suddenly attacked the Crimean coast. The Rus captured Byzantine possessions from Chersonesus to Kerch and “with great strength” approached Surozh. After ten days of fierce battles, Bravlin and his army, “breaking down the iron gates by force,” burst into the city.

When Bravlin approached the tomb of Stefan Sourozh, located in St. Sophia Church Surozha “turned his face back.” Bravlin ordered the soldiers to return the taken goods to the Surozhans and release the prisoners, but healing did not occur. The pagan Bravlin had to be baptized, only after that his face returned to its previous position. Bravlin was baptized by Archbishop Filaret of Sourozh. From that time on, Christianity began to spread among the ruling elite of Kievan Rus.

The city has become important shopping center and a significant transit point on the Great Silk Road, reaching its greatest prosperity in the 12th-13th centuries. In 1206, after the conquest of Constantinople and the division of Byzantium, the city came under the control of the Venetian trading republic, however, it was actually ruled by the Kipchaks. Around 1222, on the orders of Ala ad-Din Kay-Kubad, the city was raided by the Seljuks of Asia Minor, who defeated the Kipchak army, on whose side Russian troops also acted. The reason for the raid was complaints from merchants about the frequent destruction of their ships, and the consequence was the destruction of crosses and bells and the installation of mihrabs and minbars in the premises of churches, as well as the introduction of Sharia law.

In the XIII-XIV centuries, the city was ravaged and destroyed by the Mongols, but was quickly restored. In 1365, Soldaya was conquered by the Genoese and included in the Genoese possessions in Crimea. During this period, the city was governed by an Italian consul, whose elections were held every year. From this era, towers and city fortress walls, called the “Genoese fortress,” have been preserved.

In 1475, together with all the Genoese territories and the Orthodox principality of Theodoro in Crimea, Sudak was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. During Ottoman rule, the city, which had lost its military significance, fell into decay, although it was the center of Kadılık, the smallest administrative unit of the Ottoman state.

In 1783, Sudak, along with the entire Crimea, went to Russian Empire. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries, the city was almost completely depopulated and turned into a small village; According to the 1805 census, only 33 people lived in the abandoned city. In 1804, the first winemaking school in Russia was opened here. Sudak regained the status of a city only in 1982.

In 1920, the winemaking enterprise State Enterprise “Sudak” was founded.

During the Great Patriotic War from October 1941 to April 1944 it was occupied by German-Romanian troops. In January 1942, a Sudak landing was landed in the city, which liberated the city and held it from superior enemy forces for almost two weeks. Almost all the paratroopers died in battle.

Economy

The main specialization is the production of vintage and champagne wines, the resort industry, and the production of rose oil.

Sudak is a climatic seaside resort. Indications: non-tuberculous respiratory diseases, functional diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Sudak is the only city in Crimea that has quartz sand beaches.

Every year more than 180 thousand people (mostly unorganized vacationers) come to Sudak and the Sudak region on vacation. In 2003, 49 thousand people rested in 18 boarding houses and health resorts, a third of whom were foreigners.

Transport

Distance to Crimean cities

Social sphere

There are 3 secondary schools in the city (school-gymnasium No. 1 named after Hero of the Soviet Union A.E. Chaika, secondary school No. 2, school No. 3 (with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction)), a sports school, a children's and youth center, a city lyceum, branch of the Yalta Vocational School, Faculty of Management and Economics of the Taurida National University. Vernadsky; clinic, hospital.

For a summer holiday in Sudak, today we offer a wide range of hotels, hotels and boarding houses for a relaxing and safe holiday in Crimea

The city of Sudak is located on the southeastern coast of the Crimean peninsula, the administrative territory of the city stretches along the coast to Feodosia, located outside the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains. The city lies in the southern part of the Sudak valley on the shore of the Sudak Bay of the Black Sea. The coast of Sudak mainly consists of sandy beach mixed with small pebbles.

Here you can safely combine a holiday in Sudak, treatment and hikes in the surrounding area. The beginning of the swimming season coincides with the May holidays and ends during the grape harvest in October.

Sudak Bay is one of the most beautiful bays in Crimea. From the east its border is Cape Alchak, from the west - Mount Fortress, with the most important landmark of the city - the Genoese fortress

It is useless to compare Sudak with other Crimean cities. This place is distinguished by something inexpressible, has its own aura and wild charm. Clean air, dry climate, warm Mediterranean winters, soft contours of the mountains, proximity to the beautiful New World and the only dormant volcano in Ukraine - all this makes your vacation unforgettable at any time of the year.

Advantages of holidays in Sudak

The city of Sudak has a long history, and in recent years it has been striving to become one of the main leaders in the Crimean resort industry. To achieve this goal there are many advantages like:
-favorable weather and climatic conditions;
-long swimming season;
-widely developed tourist infrastructure in the city and nearby villages;
-a huge selection of different housing provided local population, hotels, inns and boarding houses;
– and, most importantly, all at more liberal and democratic prices, when compared with the South Coast region. All of the above greatly increases the position of this resort, and gives reason to assume that holidays in Sudak will become very popular in Crimea in the coming years .

Sudak... A short name, a small town - and a long trail of history. In the Middle Ages, the inhabitants of Sugdea believed that the city arose in 212 AD. In the middle of the 19th century, confirmation of this was found: on the island of Halka in the Mediterranean Sea, in one of the monasteries, a handwritten sacred book was discovered with a mention of the Sugdeya fortress, built in 5720 “from the creation of the world,” which really corresponds to 212 AD. in modern chronology.

The emergence of the city and its name are associated with the Alans, Iranian-speaking tribes - the ancestors of modern Ossetians, who appeared on the peninsula in the middle and third centuries AD. during the Great Migration. The word Sughda has Iranian roots and is translated as “holy”, “immaculate”. The first mention in the literature was in the UP century, when the city of Sogdabon was named among the Black Sea cities and its location was indicated. It was this favorable position in all respects - a beautiful, fertile valley, convenient bays - that made the city desirable for its numerous conquerors of various eras: the Khazars, Pechenegs, Polovtsians (Kipchaks), Venetians, Seljuk Turks, Genoese...

At the end of the 1st century, the city became a major international center, merchants from all over the world met here - from Western Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, India, China... The Arab historian Ibn al-Athir wrote in 1198: “This is the city of the Kipchaks, from which they receive their goods, and ships with clothes dock at it, the latter are sold, and they are bought with them girls and slaves, furs, beavers and other things that are in their land.” From the West, English cloth, weapons, jewelry were brought to Sugdea, from Egypt and Syria - cotton fabrics, dates, from India - gems, from China - silk. Sugdea had extensive and varied relations with Russia. Russian goods were delivered here along the Dnieper, and then by sea. The presence of Russians in Sugdei in the 16th – 13th centuries is confirmed by numerous archaeological finds and written evidence. During this period the city was also called Surozh.

Holidays in Sudak: description and history of the city

Since the beginning of the 13th century, the Venetians have ruled the city for a century and a half. During this time, others tried to take over the city: in 1221, the Seljuk Turks attacked Sugdea, in 1223, the Mongol-Tatars. Constant raids of the Golden Horde undermined the city’s economy and led to a sharp decline in the population. In 1365, the city was suddenly attacked by the Genoese - they took it by storm and captured 18 villages in the area. The Genoese call Sugdea Soldaya, and this name remained for five centuries, as long as Genoa's rule on the coast lasted. As a result of Genoa's policy on the peninsula, the city loses its importance as a port and becomes the center of an agricultural district.

Sudak became famous as a resort only at the end of the 19th century; it is called “a vacation spot for students and the intelligentsia,” which indicates its accessibility and low cost. As stated in the popular guidebook by G.G. Moskvich in 1901, about 1000 people lived in Sudak at that time, and about the same number came annually for summer vacation. The author explains the increased popularity of Sudak: “The overcrowding of Yalta and its surroundings makes many people pay attention to Sudak, with its less hot summers, excellent swimming, space for walking...” (It should be added - less expensive, affordable housing. This trend continues nowadays). The main income for local residents came from the trade in grapes and wine, which, coupled with “space for walking,” compensated vacationers for the lack of resort services.

Today ancient Sudak is a promised land for tourists; its surroundings are not inferior in number historical monuments the most famous centers of world civilizations. Undoubtedly, the most famous monument is the fortress built by the Genoese in 1365. Built according to the design of Genoese military engineers, it was slowly, year after year, erected by hand local residents on a relict coral reef, inaccessible from the south. The Sudak fortress, perfectly preserved to this day, is rightfully considered an example of medieval Western European fortification. It is a monument of world significance, a museum-reserve that attracts numerous tourists from all over the world.

On the territory of the Sudak Genoese fortress, theatrical performances, historical reconstructions of battles of past eras, and knightly tournaments are regularly held, in which several hundred people sometimes take part.

The fortress in Sudak and its picturesque surroundings attract filmmakers like a magnet. In 2005, the fortress depicted the city of Yershalaim, and the nearby hill, on which three crosses were installed, represented Golgotha. The darkest episode of the film “The Master and Margarita” based on the novel by M. A. Bulgakov was filmed here.

The fishing episode “near the Black Rock” for the comedy “The Diamond Arm” was also filmed in the vicinity of Sudak. Filming took place in the summer, but the water was, as happens due to the “swept” onshore wind that blew the warm layer into the open sea, only 8 degrees. Papanov’s emotional exclamation “Idiot!!!” was addressed not to the hero of Andrei Mironov, but to the operator, due to whose oversight it was necessary to shoot another take.

The main value for vacationers was and remains the magnificent climate of the Sudak Valley (2550 hours of sunshine in Sudak), the warm sea, the most picturesque surroundings - and beautiful .

The beaches of Sudak are sandy, sometimes turning into small pebbles

The beaches of Sudak are sandy, sometimes turning into small pebbles. The length of the beach is more than three and a half kilometers, the width is from ten to thirty meters. The seabed is flat and gradually descending. Sudak Bay is protected from the west by the Fortress Hill (on which the fortress rises), from the east by Cape Alchak (low) protruding far into the sea, from the north by the Perch Mountains (maned) and Mount St. George (Ai-Georgiy). To the east of Sudak, behind Cape Alchak, there is Kapsel Bay with numerous picturesque coves covered by low hills. The total length of the beaches of Kapsel Bay is about 7 km. True, the beaches of Kapsel are quite rocky, but here it is always clean, clear water. The Sudak Valley stretches along the coast from Sudak to Cape Meganom (translated from Greek - populous).

In the vicinity of Sudak, tracts of tree-like juniper and Stankevich pine have been preserved. The abundance of phytoncides they secrete, coupled with the healing sea breeze, create ideal conditions for climate therapy. Thanks to this natural “environment”, Sudak has created an ideal climate for relaxation not only in summer, but in the off-season.

Despite the fact that the city itself is small, the infrastructure here is quite developed. At almost every step there are cafes, restaurants, ice cream - for every taste, an abundance of vegetables and fruits and a wide selection of magnificent Crimean wines. It is not for nothing that the Sudak Valley is traditionally considered the cradle of Crimean winemaking.

The cypress alley is beautiful - practically the center of the city. It is pleasant to stroll here in the evenings; at night it is a place for youth “hangouts”.

The real “highlight” of a vacation in Sudak was the water park, which in a short time became famous far beyond the borders of Crimea. According to the results of an independent consumer rating, the Sudak water park was recognized as the best in Crimea. The water park in Sudak is a place where there is everything you need for a pleasant and fun holiday: various slides, diving towers, artificial beaches, interconnected pools and ponds. By the way, at night everything is cheaper here and the influx of visitors is much less.

What is important is that in Sudak you can find accommodation for every taste: reputable hotels, mini-boarding houses, and well-deserved health resorts Soviet era, And private sector. The price of the issue depends solely on the desires and capabilities of the guests of Sudak.

The resort of Sudak includes the city itself, the village of Novy Svet, the village of Morskoye and the village of Solnechnaya Dolina. Each place is interesting and unique in its own way and provides every opportunity for complete relaxation and recovery.

Sudak is one of the oldest cities in Crimea. According to archaeologists and historians, it is almost 2 thousand years old! Over such a long life, the city has seen a lot, as evidenced by its unique attractions. But most of all it is famous for its mild climate and beaches with quartz sands. Perhaps few people do not know where Sudak is. But not everyone can answer how to get to it with the least amount of time and money. We invite you to consider all the options available today to choose the most suitable one. In addition, we offer information about Sudak that is useful to every tourist.

We decided to start our review of routes by clarifying the location of the city. If you look at the map of the wonderful Crimean peninsula, you will find Sudak on its southeastern coast, approximately halfway between Alushta, which is 47 km in a straight line, and Feodosia. To the last one in a straight line, respectively, 42 km. Closer to other settlements from Sudak is the famous village of Novy Svet. It is only 7 km away. It is so small that sports holidaymakers can walk there. The rest can be reached in 10 minutes by any minibus. The next remotest point and also very popular among tourists is Cape Meganom. It is twice as far away as the New World. The distance is 15 km and travel time is about 25 minutes.

Almost all vacationers are interested in where Sudak is located in relation to the capital of the peninsula, Simferopol. This is not an idle question, but a practical one, because this is where planes arrive from Russia. So, Sudak lies 107 km to the southeast from Simferopol.

The location of Sudak in relation to Kerch, where the crossing to the peninsula takes place, is also important. The highway between these cities is 153 km.

The kilometers between Sudak and other significant ones are as follows:

55 km by road to Feodosia;

93 km to Alushta along the highway;

To Yalta - 131 km;

Sevastopol is 181 km away.

Nature of Sudak

Tourists who are going on vacation to see many interesting and beautiful places, interested in where Sudak is located in relation to natural attractions. This city was built on the very Black Sea coast in the Sudak Bay and at the same time in the picturesque valley formed along the banks of the Sudak River. From the cold northern winds the city is covered by a mountain range covered with beech forests and oak forests, in which there are occasional patches of pine forests and juniper groves. From the west, the peace of Sudak is guarded by Mount Krepostnaya, at the foot of which it is located, and from the east it is popular among vacationers

How to get to Sudak quickly and comfortably

You can get to Crimea in the following ways:

By plane;

By train;

By bus;

By car.

It is more convenient and faster, of course, to fly by plane. The airport is located in Simferopol. From Moscow there are flights from Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo. Flight time is just over 2 hours. In the summer, planes also fly to Simferopol from St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and two dozen other Russian cities. Travel time and ticket price depend on the starting point of departure and the class of the airliner.

How to get to Sudak from Simferopol airport? Simple enough. If you need it faster and the price doesn’t matter, then a taxi will do. You will have to pay 2,500 rubles for the service. If you don’t want to spend a lot of money on travel, then at the airport you need to take a bus to the bus station, and then take a regular bus there. They run from 5:30 am to 8:30 pm. The road to Sudak takes 2 and a quarter hours, the ticket price starts from 250 rubles.

How to get to Sudak by rail

Previously, it was easy, cheap and comfortable to travel from Russia by train. Now this option has become somewhat more complicated, and the number of trains has decreased. How to get to Sudak by train at the moment? You need to go to any city located near Kerch crossing. These are Novorossiysk, Slavyansk, Anapa. Take a ferry across the strait. Next, take a bus ticket, for example, to Simferopol or to Feodosia, and if the flights are suitable in time, then directly to Sudak. From Simferopol it takes about two hours to get there on a flat road. Serpentine starts just a few kilometers from the city, and there are always enough flights to the capital of Crimea. From Feodosia the route is shorter, but the road winds a lot, which is not suitable for everyone’s health, and buses run once an hour. There are no direct trains from Russia to Crimea yet.

How to get to Sudak by car

Here you can choose from two options. The first is to take a regular bus. Now routes to Crimea to the city of Sudak exist from many Russian cities. In particular, buses from Moscow depart from the Novoyasenevskaya station. There are also private carriers whose transport departs from different points of the capital. It will take about 30 hours to travel by regular bus. This option is chosen by those who like to enjoy the views from the windows on the road. For those who are not very interested in this, traveling in the heat for more than a day in the summer on a bus, especially with children, is not very convenient.

By car, it used to be possible to easily get to Crimea along the Simferopol Highway. Now the route has become much more difficult. Russian motorists should proceed to the Kerch ferry, take a ferry ticket, and then go to Sudak. By the way, Shuttle Buses from Russia they follow the same route, but they are allowed onto the ferry without queue.

Single ticket

Now to Crimea - to the city of Sudak and others settlements peninsula - you can get there with a single ticket. The idea of ​​the Russian authorities was good and consisted in the fact that passengers bought one ticket, which included travel either to Krasnodar, transfer to a bus to the ferry, and take a ferry across Kerch Strait, then travel by bus to Kerch, and from there by another bus to the desired city in Crimea. This method is convenient in that there is no need to jostle in queues at the ticket office, because along the entire route passengers will have specially designated vehicles. The disadvantages of this method are that people have to make multiple transfers, which means unloading and loading their luggage.

Climate

The fact that Sudak is surrounded by mountains on both sides plays an important role in the formation of special weather conditions, which make your stay at this resort especially enjoyable. The precipitation here is half that of Yalta, and the sun shines in the sky for 2,550 hours a year. The sea temperature in Sudak is slightly warmer than in others Black Sea resorts, since here in the coastal waters there are practically no cold currents. But still, in June the water is still cool, as it only has time to warm up to 19°C. Thermometers show about the same in October. The swimming season for adults and children here opens in July and lasts until the second ten days of September. The sea temperature in Sudak during this period reaches 23°C. Around the 15th of September, the water begins to noticeably cool down. By the end of the month, its temperature drops to 20°C, but many vacationers during the day, when the sun shines generously, still swim.

The air temperature in Sudak is quite comfortable in June and early autumn, and during the peak season the heat prevails here, sometimes reaching 38°C.

Where to stay, where to eat

Holidays in Sudak by the sea are always bright and memorable. Almost all tourists note that very friendly and smiling people live here. In the resort part of the city, literally on every street the doors of private hotels, guest houses, and just farmsteads are hospitably open, where rooms are rented for every taste and budget. Therefore, there is no need to worry about where to stay in Sudak. Room prices depend on the amenities provided and the distance from the sea. On average, for a good room with amenities on the second line they ask from 450 rubles per night. On the first line, that is, right by the sea, for the same room you will have to pay from 700-800 rubles.

There are no problems with food in Sudak either. There are plenty of cafes, canteens and restaurants here, and the closer to the coast, the higher the prices, although this does not affect the quality of the dishes. On average, lunch in canteens and cafes costs 100-150 rubles.

For those who are going on vacation on a budget, there is another option - to buy food in supermarkets, for example in “PUD”, and cook it yourself.

Things to do

Pike perch in summer is very noisy and cheerful. Young people and everyone who loves enchanting parties are most comfortable here. Those who prefer a relaxing holiday should go to Sudak in September, when many discos, bars and nightclubs close.

During the day, most vacationers flock to the beaches, which is why they are a bit crowded during the season. The beaches in Sudak are small-pebble, with quartz sand and mixed. Entrance to both is free, but you will have to fork out for a sunbed and umbrella. The kit costs from 100 rubles for 1 hour. Each beach offers a lot of attractions, from a safe catamaran and the now familiar banana boat to an extreme parachute flight.

Besides the beach, Crimea offers a lot of interesting things. In Sudak, entertainment for children, their parents and young people can be found in a wide range. Firstly, this is a huge water park, the reviews of which are very favorable. In addition, at the resort you can take sea and horseback rides, go on excursions to the New World and the Sudak winemaking plant, climb the Genoese fortress, walk through and admire its two palaces, have fun on the rides, enjoy the beauty

Resort town Zander is located in the southeast of Crimea, 100 km from Simferopol, 150 km from and Crimean Bridge, 80 km from the resort. Wooded forests approach Sudak from the north mountain ranges, protecting this area from the cold and sharp changes temperatures Thus, the climate of Sudak is in many ways similar to the climate South Bank Crimea, but there are also pleasant differences. For example, Sudak has many more sunny, cloudless days; this resort generally boasts the fewest cloudy and rainy days among all the coastal cities of Crimea. Sudak is located along the shores of a convenient bay, bounded by Cape Alchak in the east and Mount Fortress in the west. Throughout the entire length of Sudak Bay, nature has created beautiful pebble and sand beaches, which constitute the main glory of the resort. The local mountain landscapes are unique and will never be forgotten by any of the guests.

Rest in Sudak. Huge, abundance for young people and spacious - these are the main reasons for the popularity of Sudak and its suburbs, in particular the village of Kapsel. The beaches along the gentle shores of Sudak Bay are more than two kilometers long; they are famous for their comfortable texture (pebbles and sand), a good level of amenities (canopies, sun loungers, retail outlets and cafes) and the cleanliness of the sea water. The healing properties of the beaches of Sudak and the region have also been proven: the local quartz sand heated by the sun improves metabolism and restores the body’s protective properties. Southeast of Sudak, in the area of ​​Kapsel Bay and Cape Meganom, there are some of the best places in Crimea for “wild” recreation. In summer, hundreds of people come here with tents and enjoy the unique nature and clean sea. In Sudak, vacationers will find everything they need: there are nightclubs that are especially interesting along the incomparable Crimean coast, but the main attraction of Sudak and the symbol of the city, undoubtedly, is. Holidays in Sudak can be recommended to all age groups of tourists without exception and at almost any time of the year. In the city and its surroundings there are always useful activities and activities for everyone.

Sudak and are the most important winemaking centers in Crimea. Almost everyone who comes to relax in these places does not deny themselves the pleasure of going to taste the famous brands of Crimean wines. Tasting complexes and branded wine bars are ubiquitous in Sudak and the region. The city itself can only be reached by road transport(bus, taxi, personal car). Also in Simferopol there is major airport, which accepts flights from many Russian cities, the most convenient way to get from the airport to Sudak is by bus or taxi, which can always be ordered directly at that hotel or guest house where you plan to live.

Sudak is the largest center of winemaking, tourism and recreation in southeastern Crimea

Highlights

From the west, urban development is limited by Mount Fortress, on the top of which the famous fortress rises. Towers and walls ancient fort- one of the oldest buildings preserved in Sudak. From the north the city is closed by Mount Taraktash or “Stone Ridge”, and its eastern part abuts the protected Cape Alchak. Many come to this cape for the wonderful seaside landscapes and interesting natural monument– through the grotto of Aeolian Harp.

In the center of Sudak you can see the Church of the Intercession, built in the first half of the 19th century. Another popular tourist attraction is the famous Sudak water park, which is located in the southern resort part of the city.

Travelers come to Sudak for the wonderful mild climate, excellent beach holiday And warm sea. Along the coastline there are several good beaches, covered with quartz sand. The swimming season lasts 138-140 days, and the number of sunny hours is 2550 per year - this is more than in Yalta (2220).

The city has a well-developed tourism infrastructure. Many hotels, boarding houses and guest houses have been built here, so there are no problems with accommodation. Proposals from the private sector are especially popular. Holidays in Sudak apartments, rooms and cottages are cheaper than in large cities on the southern coast of Crimea.

Sudak has entertainment centers, museums, historical and natural attractions. The seaside town is small, so transport is not needed to get from one end to the other. You can also travel around Sudak walking. In addition, local travel agencies offer everyone a lot of interesting excursions with a visit to the most famous sights of the Crimean peninsula.

History of Sudak

A coastal settlement near a river flowing into the sea was founded by the Sughds in 212. This name was given to one of the tribes of the Adyghe group of peoples. In the Middle Ages, the Crimean city was called differently: the Italians called it “Soldaia”, and the Greeks called it “Sugdea”. The city expanded and grew due to the merchants who came here from Italy and Greece, as well as artisans who came to earn money.

In the 6th century, the Byzantine emperor Justinian I the Great decided to build fortifications on the Crimean coast. The city reached its greatest prosperity in the 12th-13th centuries, when the routes of the Great Silk Road passed by it. In the middle of the 14th century, Soldaya was captured by the Genoese, and in 1475 by the army. Ottoman Empire. The period of Turkish rule had an unfavorable effect on the city. It fell into disrepair, and the number of people living here became smaller from year to year.

In 1783, Sudak, like other Crimean cities, became part of the Russian Empire. During the Great Patriotic War, this part of Crimea was subjected to German-Romanian occupation, and when peace came, Sudak began to develop as a health resort and winemaking center.

Medieval fort and museum

The Genoese fortress is located in the western part of the city, not far from sea ​​coast, at the top of Fortress Mountain. The fortifications rise noticeably above the city blocks and are therefore visible from afar - both from Sudak itself and from the sea.

The exact time of construction of the fortress is not known. Some historians believe that it appeared in Sudak in the 6th century by order of the ruler of the Byzantine Empire, Justinian I the Great. After the Byzantines, Crimea was taken over by the Genoese, who significantly rebuilt and strengthened the defensive structures.

These days, the majestic medieval fortress has become a popular tourist attraction. It covers an area of ​​30 hectares and is open to visitors every day: from May to September - from 8.00 to 19.00, and from October to April - from 9.00 to 17.00. Entrance to the territory is paid. You can explore the ancient fort on your own or with a guide.

The Genoese fortress has two lines of defense - external and internal. The outer line stretched along northern slopes Fortress Mountain and consists of 14 towers and the Main Gate. The towers in this area of ​​defense are up to 15 m high, and the walls between them are 6-8 m, with a thickness of up to 2 meters. The internal line of defense includes 4 towers. At the very top of the Fortress Mountain stands the Watchtower, which is also called the Maiden Tower.

IN ancient fortress there is a massive stone building known as the "arcade temple". This religious building has interesting story. In the 13th century, the Seljuk Turks built the Padishah-Jami mosque in the Sudak fortress. When Turkish rule ended, the Muslim temple was converted into a Greek one. Orthodox Church, and the Genoese who came to power used it as a temple for Catholic services.

In the 15th century, the Ottoman Turks settled on the peninsula, and they turned the religious building into a mosque. Time passed, Crimea became part of the Russian Empire, and an Orthodox church was again created here, consecrating it in honor of the Apostle Matthew. Approximately 600 years after its construction, in 1817 this church was closed due to disrepair. However, the story of the ancient temple did not end there. In the 80s of the 19th century it was restored and began to be used as an Armenian Catholic church.

Divine services here were interrupted in 1924, by decision of the city authorities. Two years later, a museum was opened in an ancient stone building, telling about the history of the city of Sudak and the Genoese fortress. This museum is located in former temple and in our days.

For several years now, in the middle of summer, a large-scale festival has been held in the ancient Genoese fortress - the colorful festival “Genoese Helmet”. Club members take part in it historical reconstruction, fencers, as well as city residents and tourists who came to Sudak. During the festival, exciting knightly tournaments and a spectacular assault on the fortress take place. Master classes are held for guests, where you can learn pottery and blacksmithing, as well as try on knightly armor.

Astagvere Tower (Port) and the ancient Temple of the Twelve Apostles

The Tower of Astagvere and the Temple of the Twelve Apostles are located on a rocky hill to the west of the Genoese fort, 150 meters north of the seashore. Previously, a section of the fortress wall adjoined the Astagvera tower, which connected it with Corner tower main fortification. The fortification was built in 1386 to protect the city port. The place was chosen well - between two rocky peaks. The tower was named after the commandant of Soldaya, Federico Astagwer.

On the masonry of the tower you can see many bas-relief slabs, on which crosses of different sizes are carved. Researchers believe that these are tombstones that the builders brought from a nearby cemetery. All walls, except the north one, are plastered. The three-story tower, closed on all sides, stands on a massive square foundation and has four tiers. Each wall has loopholes so that defenders can fire in any direction. In addition, at the very top of the tower there were battlements that provided protection for archers.

The ancient builders thought through everything to the smallest detail and made sure that the people defending the tower could stay in it long time. On both sides of the fortification, large containers were knocked out in the rocky ground and filled with water from a small mountain river, so medieval warriors were always provided with a sufficient supply of drinking water.

Near the tower of Astagvere, on a rocky hill stands ancient temple Twelve Apostles. Soldaya was a trading city and grew from the coastal part. Near the city port there were houses of residents, merchant shops, craft workshops and outbuildings. During archaeological excavations in this part of Sudak, coins and ceramics of the 3rd-4th centuries were found.

In the 10th-12th centuries, a small stone basilica was built for the harbor residents. From the hewn stone slabs They made one pentagonal apse in the church and consecrated the temple in honor of the prophet Elijah.

The coastline looked different in those days. Over the past centuries, the water level in the Black Sea has increased by 3-4 m, rising sea ​​water absorbed coastline, and the old harbor is now located at the bottom of the sea. However, an ancient basilica with a gable roof was erected on a hill and remains to this day next to the majestic Port Tower.

It is known that before the Second World War, inside the temple one could see a wall image of Jesus Christ and his closest disciples gathered for the Last Supper - that is why ancient church a new name was adopted. It began to be called the Temple of the Twelve Apostles. It was restored in 2009, and now it is a functioning Orthodox church.

Temples in Sudak

The Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary rises in the center of Sudak, 0.65 km southeast of the bus station, on the street. Lenina, 27. This temple was founded in 1819 and began to be built with donations from townspeople. However, the money raised was not enough, construction dragged on and was completed only in the 1840s. The church, consecrated in honor of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, is interesting as a place where members of the Russian imperial family visited several times.

Divine services took place in the temple until 1936, then, during the period of active anti-religious campaign, it was closed to believers, and the bell tower was destroyed. During the Nazi occupation, the church was reopened to parishioners. It received residents of Sudak until 1962, when the temple was closed again by decision of the authorities. The Palace of Pioneers began to operate inside the iconic building, and after it, repair shops. In the early 1990s, the old church was restored.

The cross-domed church has entrances on three sides. According to the architectural traditions of the mid-19th century, they are decorated with columns and triangular pediments. To the left and right of the doorway you can see beautiful mosaics depicting saints. Nowadays, the temple is operational and open as a courtyard of the Kiziltash monastery.

Another, more ancient temple - the Church of St. Paraskeva is located on the western outskirts of Sudak, on Primorskaya Street, 13. It is located in the center of modern resort village Cozy, under the walls of the Genoese fortress.

Historians believe that the small church was built in the 10th-12th centuries. This is a one-story stone building with a gable roof covered with tiles. In former times there was a large cemetery around it, but today only two gravestones have survived from the old churchyard. One slab stands on the grave where members of the family of the scientist Christian Steven are buried, the same one thanks to whom the famous Nikitsky was founded botanical garden. The second tombstone covers the grave of the St. Petersburg artist Kondaraki.

Nowadays, the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church has been well restored, and services are regularly held there. Next to Orthodox church you can see the one-story building of the Lutheran church. It appeared in Sudak in late XIX century for members German colony, whose members began to settle under the Genoese fortress in 1805.

Museum "Funk's Dacha"

To the east of the Genoese fortress, in a beautiful two-story house that appeared in Sudak at the beginning of the 20th century, there is an interesting historical museum(Ushakova street, 1). It got its name from the surname of the owner of the house - Fedor Fedorovich Funk, manager of the estate of K. A. Gorchakov.

Museum exhibits occupy four halls. In the first of them are exhibited archaeological finds, dating back to Paleolithic times. At Funk's Dacha you can see objects from a Tauri settlement, a Gothic sanctuary, an Alan burial ground and an ancient Greek fort. The second and third halls of the museum are dedicated to the history of Sudak during the reign of the Byzantines, Khazars and Venetians. The last hall of the museum exhibition tells about the periods of the Principality of Theodoro and the Ottoman Empire. "Funk's Dacha" is open to visitors every day, except Mondays, from 9.00 to 18.00.

Excursion to Cape Alchak-kaya

Cape Alchak-kaya limits the urban development of Sudak on the eastern side. Nowadays, this is a protected area, and for travelers there is an entrance fee. A hill located on the seashore is all that remains of an ancient coral reef. Alchak-kaya received the status of a natural monument in 1988, and today it is protected by local forestry.

At the foot of the cape, where the small river Suuk-su flows into the Black Sea, archaeologists found a Bronze Age site, as well as coins minted in the 3rd century, when the Bosporan kingdom existed. Walking trip It takes about an hour and a half along the picturesque cape. The tourist trail is surrounded by thickets of pistachio trees, barberries and prickly rose bushes.

From the top point of Alchak-kaya (152 m) a beautiful panorama of the sea coast opens. From here you can clearly see the Genoese fortress and the resort part of Sudak. On the slope facing the city there is a through grotto of the Aeolian Harp, which was formed in the rock as a result of centuries of erosion.

Water entertainment center

The Sudak water park, known to all Crimeans, is located in the southern part of the city, at the foot of Mount Alchak-Kaya, at the address: st. Gagarina, 79. Its territory is adjacent to the city embankment and is only a hundred meters away from the sea. The water park in Sudak is open during the summer tourist season, every day, from 10.00 to 18.00.

For visitors, there are 6 swimming pools and 9 attraction slides, the height of which ranges from 10 to 14 m. The spacious pool has a three-level depth, fountains, a jacuzzi and a river with a counter-flow.

For young visitors to the water park, a separate pool with a three-level depth has been created, safe for swimming for children from 2 years old. The children's pool has three slides, fountains and an entertainment sports complex in the form of a ship. It is very important that the children's pool is equipped with autonomous water purification and disinfection systems.

Restaurants and cafes

Public catering is developed in Sudak, so there are many restaurants, cafes, canteens, snack bars and bars open in the city. In most of them the prices are approximately the same, only the establishments on the embankment sell at a noticeable markup.

During the summer tourist season, on the beaches of Sudak they sell boiled corn, waffle sticks with condensed milk, baklava, chak-chak, fresh raspberries, mulberries and peaches, smoked perch, manti, pilaf, as well as mashed potatoes with cutlets and salad.

There is a lot of fast food on Cypress Alley. Here travelers can buy chicken rolls, aromatic chir-chir pastries - the local analogue of cheburek - and triangular pies - samsa baked in a tandoor.

While relaxing in Sudak, you should try Crimean cuisine. Local culinary traditions have been formed for many centuries. Despite the fact that the peninsula is inhabited by representatives of more than 80 nationalities, the dishes of the Crimean Tatars give the local cuisine its original flavor. These are, first of all, meat treats: “kubete” - a pie filled with lamb, potatoes and onions; “Yufakhash” – small dumplings with lamb, which are usually eaten with the broth in which they were boiled; sarma – meat “stuffed cabbage rolls” wrapped in grape leaves, and, of course, Crimean lagman – a hearty, rich lamb soup with vegetables and special noodles.

No less tasty and varied are the dishes of traditional Karaite cuisine: “buber dolmasy” - peppers stuffed with vegetables, duck under dough, Karaite pies, meatballs with nuts and raisins, turkey with quince, as well as melon jam with dogwood.

In Sudak, it is worth trying fried Black Sea fish - red mullet, as well as dishes from flounder and mullet. Some restaurants in the city serve perfectly prepared mussels and rapana juliennes.

Taste Crimean holiday would be incomplete without aromatic jam made from rose petals, dogwood or quince. Sudak also sells excellent Crimean wines. Massandra wines are famous for their excellent quality and aroma. It is advisable to consume them chilled to +16 ºС. And tea lovers will certainly appreciate fragrant Crimean teas with mountain herbs.

Special offers on Sudak hotels

How to get there

The nearest airport to Sudak is located 107 km from the city, in Simferopol. It accepts flights from Moscow and other major cities Russia. Direct and passing regular buses run from the Simferopol bus station to Sudak several times a day. During the holiday season they start running from 5.30 and end at 20.30. Buses go frequently, every 20 minutes. The road to Sudak takes about two hours. In addition, if you wish, you can take a taxi to the coast.

During the high season people come to Sudak by " Single ticket"provided by Russian Railways. To do this, they take a train to Krasnodar or Anapa, and then get to Sudak by bus through ferry crossing“Port Kavkaz” – “Port Crimea”.

From Sudak there are regular bus services to Feodosia, Sevastopol and the New World. In addition, many buses run daily from the city bus station, connecting Sudak with the nearest resort suburbs.