Where is Mallorca? Spain: Mallorca island (Mallorca, Balearic Islands). Historical sites of Mallorca

The island of Mallorca (or Mallorca) is the largest of the Balearic Islands. Translated from Spanish, "Mallorca" means big. The island is located 200 kilometers from the mainland and 300 kilometers from Africa. Scientists have an assumption that the Balearic Islands are mountain peaks, a continuation of the current Pyrenees, many millennia ago, which sank to the bottom of the ocean.

Mallorca is the holiday destination of the rich and famous. But if you take a closer look, you can see that they are not the only ones who come here. It is not surprising that Mallorca is so popular among tourists (9 million tourists come here every year): the people here are friendly, the climate is warm, and the abundance of fresh products will make any gourmet happy. Go off the beaten path and you will see ancient culture and landscapes of amazing beauty.

Mallorca - video

Mallorca can be anything you want it to be: a natural paradise, a quiet rural idyll or cultural center with the best restaurants and shops in Europe. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate - dry, sunny and warm most of the year. Mallorca is one of the most popular resorts on the Mediterranean Sea. Here, in these paradises, Frederic Chopin came to rest (he was the first to discover Mallorca for Europeans), Agatha Christie, the Prince of Monaco, the King of Sweden, the King of Spain (he has his own estate here, where he spends his holidays), Sean Connery (he bought a villa here), Brad Pitt, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Claudia Schiffer and Michael Douglas all become summer residents of the island.

Water Mediterranean Sea Around the Balearic Islands (which includes Mallorca) there is an incredible diversity of marine life. Not surprisingly, several famous chefs have opened their restaurants on the island. Not only do they have here good clients, but also an ideal source of fresh produce. Mallorca is famous for its excellent cuisine. It is estimated that there are about 2.5 thousand restaurants in Mallorca. Not bad for an island with a population of less than 1 million people.

Sights of Mallorca

The first thing passengers see when boarding at Mallorca airport is mills are the hallmark of Mallorca. They appeared in 1847. They were built by Dutch craftsmen in order to drain the soil from sea water, and then they were used as water pumps. Driven by the wind, the mills pump out water from a depth of up to 10 meters. And along specially designated canals it goes to the irrigated fields. There are just mills, and there are mill-houses. There are more than 3 thousand mills on the island, of which 300 are operational. Their blades are always directed towards the wind, and the angle of the tail, in some clever way, regulates the speed of the water being pumped out.

At the very north of the island is Cape Formentor. In the middle of the last century, a casino was built here. But in such a wonderful place, beauty fills the soul, and there is no room left for excitement. The casino burned down and was converted into a hotel. And rich and famous people flocked here. For example, Churchill. It even has his name number. Honeymoon The Prince of Monaco spent time in this hotel; Arab sheikhs brought their many wives here. Every year the European Congress is held here with the participation of top EU officials.

Sights of Mallorca - city located on the shores of Palma Bay. The further you go west, the more mountainous the landscape becomes, and villages are scattered along the steep slopes.

Deia is a typical Mallorcan village, which is definitely worth a visit. This town is famous for being the home of the famous writer and poet Robert Graves. This is where he is buried.

People come to the west coast of the island in search of peace and solitude. Far from popular resorts there are secluded coves where you can find quiet corner even in summer.

City of Soller lies in a valley next to the railway. In the city you can see how the islanders lived many centuries ago. Here the siesta is observed even now. This town has retained its typical Mallorcan charm. This place is called a boiling cauldron: here in the valley the highest temperature on the entire island. Soller, translated from Arabic, means Golden Valley. The city was named so because of the huge number of orange trees.

Ufologists all over the world are going crazy about Soller, because the connection with alien civilizations is especially clear here. Firstly, unexplained noises near the coast are constantly recorded here. And secondly, planes do not fly over this territory, because all their instruments fail and show complete nonsense.

A 10-minute drive away is Port Port (Puerto) Soller. This is the only naturally sheltered bay in the west of Mallorca. Fishing boats rock on the waves, their quiet progress matches the leisurely rhythm of life here.

The main tourist attraction of Mallorca is Dragon Caves (Las Cuevas del Drach). These karst caves on the east coast, the islands attract crowds of tourists year-round but never seem crowded due to their colossal size. There are thousands of stalactites and stalagmites in the huge cavities. This strange and wonderful phenomenon is caused by slowly dripping water and mineral salts dissolved in it. Calcium carbonate and other minerals are gradually deposited on the ceilings and floors of caves. These formations increase by only a millimeter per year. Such deposits grow over thousands of years. There are actually three interconnected caves here. The Black Cave, the White Cave and the Luis Salvator Cave, named after the Archduke who financed the first exploration of the caves in 1896. Concerts are regularly held in the caves, which have good acoustics.

Speleologist Edouard Alfred Martel discovered one of the largest underground lakes in the world - Lake Martel, named after him. The caves are beautifully illuminated and no trip is complete without a romantic boat ride on the lake. There are not many places in the world where you can ride a boat at a depth of several tens of meters underground. The water is crystal clear and you can see amazing formations formed over millions of years.

One of the tourist attractions of Mallorca is a trip along the mountain serpentine leading to the north of the island. Sa Calobra road. The most difficult section is called “Three Marys”. Either because several sharp turns resemble three letters "m", or because drivers in this place often commemorate the Virgin Mary. Previously, this was an absolutely impassable territory; it was in these parts, in the bay on the coast, that smugglers landed. In order to somehow control these places, this dizzying path was laid. And then the road became purely touristic: wider and more comfortable. The road was built by Italian-born engineer Antonio Poretti. At some point during construction, it found itself at a dead end; it was completely impossible to continue building the road: it ran up against a mountain, and the technical means made it impossible to go further. For three months he racked his brain: how to get out of this situation? And, quite unexpectedly, the decision came on its own. Once, while tying a tie, he imagined how to untie the “knot” of the road. Now this place is called the “tie knot”. Surprisingly, there are almost never any accidents on Sa Calobre. Apparently, drivers concentrate their attention so much that they drive through this most difficult route without incident. And the most desperate ones organize races here at night, and the police regularly come to catch these extreme sportsmen.

The road leads to a place called "Heaven's Gate". The main episode of the film "Sinbad the Sailor" was filmed here. This is a small sandy beach surrounded by high cliffs.

Mallorca Island - "Heaven's Gate"

Located next to the legendary beach Bay of Sa Calobra and a pier from which a boat departs to the port of Soller.

They say that February is the most beautiful month in Mallorca. It is also called the month of hot snow. Almond trees are blooming all over Mallorca- about 7 million trees. It all started in the 12th century, when Jaime II married a Norwegian princess. The girl really missed the snow and Jaime ordered the pine groves to be cut down and planted with almond trees. When another February arrived, the princess looked out the window: the entire island was covered with snow - snow-white almond flowers.

Another important tree of Mallorca, the olive, was brought to the island by the Saracen Arabs, who captured the island in 903. Olive trees live for more than a thousand years, so some today may remember those distant times. Today, almost all the slopes of the mountains are buried in olive orchards.

Despite the fact that 95% of Mallorca is private, 76 beaches are municipal, that is, free. And 22 of them are proudly decorated with a blue flag - this means that the beach fully meets environmental requirements for cleanliness. No large-scale industry is allowed on the island. Each bay of the island is unique and original.

Park-reserve Galatzo These are private properties. Previously, the first inhabitants of Mallorca lived in this area, in the northwest. In 1982, they decided to build an adventure park for tourists. In addition to natural landscapes, especially for walking route 30 waterfalls were made. The total length of the adventure trail is more than 3 kilometers. During its passage you can feel like a pioneer. Anyone over 8 years old can try it. The most daring ones walk along cableways, overcome air bridges, climb a 25-meter wall or shoot with a bow. After an amazing adventure, tourists can cook their own barbecue from fresh meat.

Mallorca island on the map

Mallorca is most beautiful island in the Mediterranean Sea, where mountains, pine trees, sun and water create a magnificent ensemble. Here everything breathes prosperity and peace; it was the poet Ruben Dario who dubbed Mallorca the “island of peace”.

General information

Mallorca is the largest island of the Balearic archipelago, and the city of Palma de Mallorca is administrative center the entire Balearic Autonomy.

People began to settle in Mallorca long before the beginning of our era, wars were fought here and the island became a military trophy of the Romans, Vandals, Byzantines and Muslims. In the 15th century, Mallorca fell to the Aragonese crown and has remained a Spanish possession ever since. In 1983, the Balearic Islands became autonomous within Spain, and it was then that Palma de Mallorca became the capital of the archipelago.

Despite the fact that there are no rivers in Mallorca, its nature is very beautiful and varied. Fresh water is obtained from mountain springs, on the island there are reservoirs and special structures that operate like windmills and extract water from underground sources. These windmills steel business card islands, they are often depicted in Mallorcan landscapes.

Mallorca - very popular European resort, the island receives up to 12 million vacationers a year, and the tourist flow is constantly growing. With all this, it is not difficult to find calm and fairly secluded places to relax on the island.

Weather in Mallorca

The climate of Mallorca is typical of the Mediterranean islands: summers are warm, but without excessive heat, winters are also quite warm. The air temperature is above zero all year round. October is considered the rainiest month, and in February the whole island is already in bloom. Season beach holiday begins in late May - early June and lasts until October.

Transport Mallorca

Ferries ply between the islands of the archipelago. You can reach mainland Spain by ferry or plane.

The main one on the island public transport- this is a bus. The capital is connected to all resorts and towns by bus routes. There are two railway lines, but it is still more convenient to use buses.

If you have a driver's license, you can rent a car to travel around Mallorca. In order to use a car, in addition to an international license, the driver is required to be 21 years old and have at least 3 years of driving experience. You also need to keep in mind that in a number of areas of the island the roads are mountain serpentines.

Resorts of Mallorca

• Cala D'Or - this resort town is located on southeast coast Mallorca. There are seven beaches on the territory of Cala D'Or, all of them are hidden in bays surrounded by rocks with thickets of pine trees. Therefore, even during bad weather and storms it is relatively calm here.
• El Arenal, Can Pastilla and Playa de Palma are southwestern resorts with long sandy beaches and a large selection of all kinds of entertainment.
• Cala Mayor is a picturesque luxury resort in close proximity to Palma de Mallorca. The summer residence of the Spanish crown is located here.
• Illetas is a resort in the southwest with rocky shores. Coves with sandy beaches are hidden between rocks covered with dense greenery.
• Palma Nova is a resort in the southwest of the island. Good tourist infrastructure, calm and relaxed atmosphere.
• Magalluf - the youngest and most noisy resort islands, a lot of entertainment and the most vibrant nightlife of the island are concentrated here.
• Santa Ponsa is a resort town with restaurants, shops and entertainment venues. There is a spacious beach with white sand.
• Paguera - small resort, surrounded by tropical gardens and Mediterranean pine trees, the beach is very picturesque, covered with white sand.

Nature of Mallorca

In the center of the island is the fertile plain of Es Pla, in the northwest and southeast there are mountain ranges. The northwestern Sierra Tramuntana mountain range is quite impressive: its nine peaks are more than a thousand meters above sea level. Southeastern mountain range Sierra de Levante is more modest - about 500 meters in height. The mountains are covered with forests of Mediterranean pine and holm oak. Black vultures live in the Sierra Tramuntana mountains, and migratory birds stop here. In the north of the island there is Cape Formentor, located on it observation deck gives you the opportunity to admire the beauty of the seascape from a bird's eye view and feel the power of the waves hitting the rocks.

Olives are grown in Mallorca and provide olive oil to the island. And original products are made from olive wood. Mallorca has large almond plantations, which bloom in February. At the same time, the meadows bloom, and then Mallorca delights even experienced travelers. Also on the island grow figs, from which sweet bread is baked, carob - liqueur, apricots and capers are made from its fruits.

The air in Mallorca is clean and healthy thanks to the sea, forests, mountains and the absence of industry.

Beaches of Mallorca

The coast of Mallorca is rugged with cliffs and coves. Many beaches are located in naturally formed bays and coves, which gives them coziness and special attractiveness. In total, there are more than 76 beaches on the island, and 22 of them have a blue flag for clean water and impeccable infrastructure.

Each resort area has its advantages and the beaches are good everywhere. If you are attracted relaxing holiday, then it is better to be located at resorts such as Palma Nova or Cala D'Or. For lovers of more crowded beaches with active entertainment and nightlife, the beaches of the Magalluf resort are more suitable.

Sights of Mallorca

Mallorca is rich in both natural and historical attractions. A significant part of interesting objects are located in the interior of the island. To explore them, you can rent a car or go on an organized excursion.

Natural attractions of Mallorca

The Arta Caves were discovered back in the 16th century in the northeast of Mallorca. The Arta Caves are impressive in their size; here is the world's largest stalagmite, 22 meters high. In order to provide visitors with the opportunity to appreciate the fantastic beauty and acoustics of the caves, a light and music show is organized during the excursion.

The Drak Caves are located in the eastern part of the island, and are famous for the fact that there are six underground lakes located in the caves. During the excursion to the caves, a concert is held for visitors right on the waters underground lake: musicians performing famous classical works slowly float across the lake on boats, the impression of what is happening is enhanced by a light show.

Cape Formentor - this is the northern tip of the island. There is an observation deck on the rocky cape, which offers majestic views. On the way to the cape there are several observation platforms, which also offer very impressive views. The beautiful Formentor beach is located at the very base of the cape.

Mount Randa - from here on clear, sunny days there is a magnificent view of almost the entire island with its beautiful bays, valleys, villages and towns. There is a monastery on the mountain.

Albufera Natural Park located in the Playa de Muro resort area, migratory birds flock here every year to nest. There are laid in the park tourist routes with signs in several languages.

Botanical Garden located in the town of Soller. Various plants from all over the Mediterranean are collected here, it is a very picturesque place. There is also a natural history museum here.

Churches of Mallorca

Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca - located in the capital of the island, on the seashore. This huge building in the Gothic style amazes with its gloomy splendor. The cathedral was founded in the 13th century, but was built and rebuilt until the middle of the 20th century.

Monastery of Luque - located in the north-west of Mallorca, is a place of pilgrimage and the religious center of the island. Here is located botanical garden, and the monastery is also famous for its boys’ choir, which has gained international fame.

Carthusian monastery - originally the monastery possessions were royal palace, built in the 16th century. The monastery for some time served as a shelter for Frederic Chopin and his lover, the writer Georges Sand. Now there is a museum in the monastery, and in a small concert hall Small concerts of Chopin's music are held daily.

Son Marroig - private estates near the village of Deia, open to the public, the Miramar monastery is located nearby.

Historical sites of Mallorca

Mori Street is a historical landmark of Palma de Mallorca. Medieval street with original houses.

Almudaina Palace- This is one of the oldest palaces in Spain. Part of the palace is the property of the Spanish royal family, and part is given over to the National Museum.

Bellver Castle is the only round castle in Spain, built in the Middle Ages on a high hill. Today the castle is located within the city of Palma.

Els Calderers - the estate was founded around 1285, then rebuilt several times. The main building of the estate, where the museum is located today, was built in the mid-18th century. The entire estate is a historical museum with the interiors of the main building restored, outbuildings and wine cellars. Livestock is kept on the premises, including black Mallorcan pigs. The estate is located in the village of Sant Joan, 37 km from Palma.

Mallorca Hotels

Most of the hotels in Mallorca are located in beach area on the coasts. There are hostels on the island. You can stay in small rural hotels in the outback - this option is suitable if you rent a car and travel a lot. You can also rent a villa in Mallorca: without service (Casitas) or with service (Luxury), that is, with maid service, breakfast and car rental.

Mallorcan cuisine

Mallorcan cuisine has absorbed Catalan, Moorish and Mediterranean traditions. The island cuisine is based on seafood, pork and vegetables, all dishes are generously seasoned with garlic and olive oil. Typical Mallorcan dishes:

• “tumbet” - a dish of eggplants, potatoes and tomatoes;
• “Frito Mallorca” - a dish of vegetables with bird giblets;
• “Frito de Cordero” - vegetable stew with lamb giblets;
• “lom am kol” - pork in cabbage leaves with pine nuts and raisins;
• “sobrasada” - sausage made from black pig meat with the addition of red sweet pepper, the sobrasada recipe is protected by a special license;
• “pa amb oli” - a local snack made from bread soaked in olive oil with dried pork and local “ramoet” tomatoes;
• stuffed squid;
• "ensaymada" - a sweet bun in the shape of a spiral;
• “enpanadas” - pies with meat or fish filling;
• Fig bread, which is made from figs, can be stored in vacuum packaging for more than a month.

Mallorca Restaurants

Restaurants on the island are divided into five categories and the categories are designated using forks. There are also several restaurants in Mallorca that have Michelin stars. For example, the Tristan restaurant, which was visited by the Spanish King Juan Carlos.

Shopping in Mallorca

Small-scale production in Mallorca, as a rule, has a long history and has already become traditional for the island. This is a glassblowing industry with its own secrets, which came to Mallorca from Venice, the production of ceramics, wine and liqueurs, pearls and olive oil. They also make good shoes here.

Large shopping centers are located in the capital - Palma. There are also brand stores here that offer good prices during seasonal sales.

The leather center is located in the city of Inca, and on the road to Inca from Palma de Mallorca there is a large multi-brand shopping mall with a disco, bowling center, cinema and food court.

The Majorica pearl factory in its company store offers pearl jewelry of excellent quality and various designs starting at 10 euros.

Island liqueurs made from carob and almond pods have a wonderful natural taste and... medicinal properties. It is believed that carob pod liqueur with ginseng is especially beneficial for men if consumed in medicinal doses.

Mallorca breathes harmony, here you get the feeling that the world is woven from sunlight, birdsong and the whisper of waves. Mallorca is able to restore lost peace of mind and give the joy of being.

Majorca is the largest Spanish island and one of the most popular Mediterranean resorts among tourists. Mallorca Island attracts tourists from all over the world with its mild climate, beautiful and diverse nature and developed tourist infrastructure.

Detailed map of Mallorca with roads,
settlements and attractions
(reserves, monasteries, castles, monuments, lighthouses, ruins and caves)

On the island, everyone will find a holiday to suit their taste. You can go hiking in the mountains, or ride a bike through nature reserves. You can go surfing, or just sunbathe on the many beaches. You can go shopping, or spend time socializing in different cafes, taverns and bars. Or you can expand your horizons by visiting a variety of interesting excursions.

A short excursion into the history of Mallorca

Archaeologists claim that Mallorca was inhabited already in Paleolithic times. During its history, the island belonged to many great ancient states, such as Carthage, Roman Empire, Kingdom of the Vandals, Byzantium, Cordoba Caliphate. For some time, Mallorca was even a pirate base. And only in 1716 the island was declared part of the Spanish province Balearic Islands. Thus, history has left its mark on Mallorca, making the island a territory of integration and mixing of diverse cultures. And now in Mallorca you can find examples of Arabic art, ancient ruins and Gothic buildings. In the 20th century the island became important tourist center with developed infrastructure. And these days Mallorca is very popular Mediterranean resort, known throughout the world.

Climate and weather in Mallorca

Mallorca has a typical Mediterranean climate: hot summers ( +26°С – +28°С) and mild winter ( +13°С – +15°С). There are few cloudy days a year, long rains can occur only in the fall (in October and November), and in the rest of the year precipitation is irregular and short-lived. Snow in winter can only be seen in the foothills. The most favorable months for a holiday in Mallorca are July and August. At this time, the sea water on the beaches of Mallorca warms up to +23°С – +25°С. Summarizing the above, we conclude that in the summer in Mallorca you will find excellent weather for a holiday.

What are the must-dos in Mallorca?

— Enjoy the sea to your fullest by visiting several different beaches in Mallorca.

Length coastline The islands are approximately 550 kilometers away, so in Mallorca everyone will find a beach to suit their taste. The island has both wild mountainous beaches and crowded municipal beaches; under your feet there may be white sand and pebbles; you can find the beach with big waves and with calm water; There are even beaches for surfing, windsurfing and kitesurfing.

— Take a walk around Palma de Mallorca and relax in the Palma Cathedral of Santa Maria (La Seu).

is not only the “capital” of Mallorca, but also the main port city of the Balearic Islands. The city's most famous landmark is ( Catedral of Santa Maria de Palma de Mallorca), to the history of which he himself had a hand Antonio Gaudi.

— Arrange a trip on a vintage train and tram from Palma de Mallorca to Sawyer.

— Go on an excursion to one of the caves in Mallorca.

A special type of attraction in Mallorca is the caves. The island is literally criss-crossed with underground passages, but caves open for tourist excursions, you can count on your fingers:
-
- Coves dels Hams
- Coves de Campanet
- Coves de Arta
- Coves de Genova

— Visit at least one of the island’s natural reserves.

— Enjoy enchanting and breathtaking views on a trip to the lighthouse at Cape Formentor.

One of Mallorca's most famous landmarks- This . The lighthouse is located at the northernmost point of the island, and the altitude of the site on which it stands is approximately 210 meters above sea level. Therefore, on the way to the lighthouse you will enjoy magnificent panoramic views of the island.

— Try a Spanish omelette for breakfast.

— In the evening on the beach, admire the sunset, enjoying the exquisite taste of cava.

(cava) — sparkling wine, made in Spain. But not every Spanish sparkling wine can be called cava, since this drink is produced using a special technology in certain regions of Spain and only from strictly specified grape varieties.

Video Bird's eye view of Deia

— Visit the beautiful town of Valldemossa and learn from the ceramic tablets on the houses about the amazing life story of Saint Catalina Thomas.

— Feel like a real pilgrim, climbing the mountain to the cross at the Lluc monastery.

— Visit the unique Bellver Castle (Castell de Bellver).

The uniqueness of the castle lies in the fact that it the only round Gothic building. The castle has a very interesting story: At one time it was even used as a prison. Today the castle houses historical museum Palma de Mallorca. On the roof of the building is organized observation deck, from which they open beautiful panoramic views to the "capital" of Mallorca.

— Watch a bullfight or some other event in the bullring.

Bullfight is an integral part national culture Spain. In all major spanish cities definitely have bullring. The “capital” of the Balearic archipelago is no exception.

Interactive map of Mallorca attractions

What souvenirs and gifts should you bring from the island of Mallorca?

What to bring from Mallorca? Majorca — spanish island, so you can buy any souvenir or gift with a Spanish theme. Quite trivial options - magnets with Spanish symbols, castanets or ceramic bull figurines.

Highlights

Along west coast The island of Mallorca stretches mountain range Sierra de Tramontana with peaks soaring high into the sky. It protects the land from the vagaries of the sea, while at the same time giving way to corners of the coastal strip to miniature bays with magnificent sandy beaches, along which today there are prestigious resorts where world celebrities like to stay.

The Sierra de Levante mountains “captured” the east of the island; they are not as high as the Sierra de Tramontana, but no less picturesque. The east coast with spacious, gently sloping sandy beaches, focused more on mass tourism, is densely built up with hotel complexes and offers a classic range of services of a Mediterranean resort. It's especially crowded here in summer months, at which the peak occurs tourist season in Mallorca, when the air temperature exceeds +30 °C and the sea warms up to +25 °C.

Between the mountain ranges there is a fertile valley, where ancient picturesque towns and monasteries are scattered, travel through which is one of the favorite pastimes of tourists.

Mallorca is also home to the capital of the Balearic Islands - Palma de Mallorca, the most beautiful city in the Mediterranean and a recognized center international tourism. Located in the most charming bay of the island, it, like a magnet, attracts travelers from all over the planet, seducing them with its wonderful beaches and magnificent architecture, excellent cuisine and vibrant nightlife.

History of the island of Mallorca

Archaeological excavations indicate that people began to settle in Mallorca as early as Paleolithic times. It is believed that the stone structures found here, called taliots, were created by people who migrated to the Balearics from the Eastern Mediterranean. In the historical era, the fertile island, which occupies a strategic position, fell into the sphere of interests of neighboring powerful states, and this determined its future fate.

In the 7th century BC. e. the island was a colony of Carthage. It is known that local residents, famous for their skillful use of slings, served as mercenaries in their army. After the fall of Carthage, the Balearics remained independent for a short time, but in 123 BC. e. were conquered by the Roman consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus. During his reign, Palma de Mallorca was founded.

In 426, the Vandals invaded here, but a century later they were ousted by the Byzantines. Since the 7th century, the Arabs tried to conquer the archipelago, but only in 902 did they manage to conquer Majorca, as a result of which it was annexed to the Emirate of Cordoba. King Jaime I of Aragon conquered the Balearic Islands from the Arabs. In 1229, his fleet, consisting of 150 ships, besieged Medina Majorica, as the current capital of Balearic was then called, and three months later the city was taken. Soon the king promulgated a charter proclaiming the principles of equality, freedom and self-government - a declarative document that became the most progressive of that era.

After the death of Jaime I, his son Jaime II became the ruler of the largest of the Balearic Islands, receiving the title of King of Majorca. During his reign, new cities were built here, majestic cathedrals and castles were erected, their own money was minted, shipbuilding developed, and trade flourished.

Mallorca lost its independence in 1344, when it was conquered by Pedro IV, King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona. Since that time, the Balearics became part of the Kingdom of Aragon, with which they subsequently became part of the Spanish state - as a result of the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, who united the Spanish lands.

These events ultimately determined the direction of development of the island's culture, which clearly reflects the influence of Catalonia. To this day, two languages ​​are spoken here: Spanish (Castilian) and Catalan, the local dialect of which is called Mallorquin. This is also related to the difference in the sound of the island’s name – “Mallorca” and “Mallorca”. When talking with local residents, you can call the island as you wish, they will understand you in both cases, but keep in mind that you should not delve into the language issue here, since this is a problematic topic for Mallorcans.

Foreigners began to discover the delights of Mallorca in the mid-nineteenth century, and the stay of the famous couple George Sand and Frédéric Chopin here marked the beginning of the era of tourism. Following them, a constant stream of representatives of bohemians and aristocrats rushed here. The tourist boom of the 60s of the last century turned Mallorca into one of the most developed and attractive Mediterranean resorts, where both moneybags and budget travelers can relax. Not far from Palma, in the Marivent Palace, the royal family rests in the summer.

Palma, as the locals call their capital for short, is largest city and the port of the archipelago. The modern neighborhoods and resorts of Palma de Mallorca are spread along the coast of a picturesque bay, and the historical part begins behind the cathedral and the royal palace of Almudaina, which rise majestically above the city port. Here, in the ancient harbor, snow-white elegant yachts slowly sway on the blue waves. This spectacular landscape is an integral feature of the appearance of Palma and the calling card of the Balearic Islands - a recognized yachting center of the Mediterranean. Sailing regattas, which are traditionally held in Mallorca every year, are attended by yachtsmen from all over the world, including royalty.

The main historical attraction of Palma de Mallorca is the cathedral. This magnificent structure looks especially impressive from the sea, reminiscent of a colossal pink rock with its bizarre outlines. Work on the cathedral began in the 13th century and was completed only in the 16th century. Over the next centuries, its appearance changed several times. IN late XIX century, they decided to renovate its façade, and by the beginning of the 20th century, the last stage of construction, to which the great Spanish architect Antonio Gaudi was involved, was completed. Today, the cathedral's façade, decorated like a piece of jewelry, is a superb example of Spanish Renaissance architecture.

The interior of the temple is laconic, and unlike most Catholic cathedrals, it is very light. Streams of light pour through numerous stained glass windows. During the day, the smooth play of multi-colored sunlight illuminates either one of the magnificent pulpits or the portico of the ancient choirs, built in the Renaissance. The Chapel of the Holy Trinity contains the tombs of the medieval kings of Mallorca - Jaime II and Jaime III.

On the land surrounding the cathedral, there used to be arab city, known in the Muslim world as Medina Majorica. Today, only the arch on Almudaina Street and the Arab baths on Serra Street remind of it. On the foundations of an Arab fortress that existed here in the 13th century, the Almudaina Palace was erected, and to this day it is a royal residence. Part of the palace is open to tourists, where you can admire the beautiful interiors, luxurious tapestries, stroll through the courtyard and beautiful garden. The Gothic palace galleries offer a magnificent panorama of the city and the cathedral. A visit to the royal residence will cost 7 €. Near the Almudaina Palace there is a parking lot for horse-drawn carriages, on one of which you can take a tour of the old city.

On the nearby streets of Sanglada and Morey, majestic buildings of the 16th-18th centuries have been preserved. It is interesting to wander around here, looking into ancient churches and admiring the facades and courtyards of rich houses that belonged to the nobility and merchants.

In Plaza San Francisco there is a church of the same name, one of the oldest in Mallorca. It was founded during the reign of Jaime II, but the entire ensemble of the temple was completed only in the 14th century. In one of its octagonal chapels, decorated in the Renaissance and Baroque style, there is a sarcophagus containing the remains of the medieval philosopher, theologian, and writer Raymond Lull. This native of Palma de Mallorca, canonized, is considered the creator of the Catalan language and a classic of Catalan literature.

One of the most beautiful buildings The capital of the island of Mallorca, La Lonja, was built in the 15th century, at a time when Palma was one of the richest cities in the Mediterranean. In this majestic Gothic building with luxurious windows occupying the entire forty-meter facade facing the embankment, there was a stock exchange where trade transactions were concluded. Today there is a cultural center of the capital and an exhibition hall here.

On the top of the mountain overlooking Palma, at an altitude of 112 meters, is the majestic Bellver Castle, built in the 14th century by order of King Jaime II of Mallorca. Being one of the oldest round castles in Europe, it has interesting architecture. Rising 25 m, its central tower, twelve meters in diameter, points to the north. It connects to the seven-meter central building of the castle arch bridge, under which a water ditch is dug. The three remaining towers face south, west and east. Bellver's spacious round courtyard is equal in size to the town square of a medieval city, and on the roof of the castle there is an observation deck from which beautiful views to the sea, Palma and its surroundings.

Banks and the most luxurious shops of Palma de Mallorca are located in its geographical center - the El Born quarter, from which it is pleasant to stroll to Porta de Santa Catalina square, looking at the windows of boutiques and modest shops. A wonderful place for a promenade is the city’s embankment, along which there are rows of palm and orange trees, elegant hotels, restaurants and cafes, where you can spend more than one hour at the tables, refreshing yourself with pleasant drinks and enjoying the seascape.

The western part of the embankment and Gomila Square are well known to fans nightlife, who flock to the capital of the island of Mallorca, famous for its nightclubs, bars and discos.

In and around Palma there are several beautiful sandy beaches with a gently sloping coastline and clear sea. Almost all of them are municipal. You don't have to pay to enter, but renting an umbrella and sunbed will cost you 10 €. By the way, a beach umbrella can be purchased in the store for 15 €.

The beaches of Palma de Mallorca have all the attributes prestigious resort– Blue flags, excellent infrastructure, opportunities for activities aquatic species sports, but during the season they are simply overcrowded.

Just a 20-minute walk from the cathedral is Can Pere Antoni beach, perhaps the most crowded in Mallorca. But in this coastal area there are two paid club beaches - Nassau Beach Club and Anima Beach Club, where it is more comfortable and secluded. Further, to the east, to the Arenal resort, the seven-kilometer Playa de Palma beach stretches. This popular corner of the island among tourists is completely built up with hotels, bars, and restaurants.

West coast of Mallorca

Drive 9 km west from Palma to the resort town of Illetas, with its stunning coastline backed by rugged mountains reflected in the blue sea ​​waters. There are many beaches here that belong to hotels, but there is also a municipal one, where there is often nowhere for an apple to fall.

Palma Nova beach is located 14 km west of Palma, and Magaluf is a little further. Young people like to relax here northern Europe, and it can be quite noisy.

The resort of Andratx is reached by a seaside highway, laid along the shore of Santa Ponsa Bay, famous for the fact that it was here that the troops of Jaime I landed in 1229, who liberated the island from the Moors. Driving along a picturesque coast lined with small beaches, you will find yourself in one of the most charming corners of Mallorca.

Port Andratx, a former fishing village, today serves as a haven for luxury yachts, but, despite the tourist orientation, the city has retained its flavor. However, tour operators do not send people here organized groups tourists. Those who prefer to relax individually, as well as the lucky ones who own local real estate, stay here. There are many boutiques, expensive fish restaurants and several luxurious beaches, where world celebrities have been spotted many times.

The city of Anrach itself is located a short distance from the coast, deep in the valley. Stroll through its narrow, crooked streets, see the Gothic church, ancient castle Son Mas.

8 km from Andratx is the westernmost point of Mallorca - Sant Elm. There is a seductive but very small beach here. Opposite is Dragonera Island, where you can go by excursion boat. This uninhabited island, with its silhouette resembling a dragon, has the status natural park, and here you can spend a pleasant few hours walking along the trails laid out for tourists.

Northwestern coast of Mallorca

From Andratx, along the entire coast, to the north, stretches the Sierra de Tramontana mountain range, which, thanks to its fantastic natural landscapes and historical sites located in the foothills, was included in the list World Heritage UNESCO. The serpentine road, laid through the mountain gorges of the Sierra de Tramontana, has long been chosen by venerable film directors who shoot films in the action genre. This narrow two-lane highway, four meters wide, despite the high-quality road surface, is not intended for faint-hearted travelers: its sharp turns, thanks to which it received the name “Tie Knot,” excite the blood, and the cliffs hanging over the road, from where they can collapse at any moment the stones look menacing in places. However, the breathtaking landscapes passing outside your car window or excursion bus, can make you forget about the risk!

To travel around this region by car, you can, of course, choose other routes, but while driving, you should always slow down in front of the signs in order to have time to figure out where to turn, since it is very easy to get lost here.

As you follow Mallorca's west coast north, stop in the town of Banyalbufar, surrounded on all sides by terraced fields that slope down to the sandy shore. Here you can explore the beautifully preserved church and take some great photos by climbing the ancient watchtower.

East of Banyalbufar, in mountain valley, is the location of the legendary Valldemossa, which earned fame thanks to the fact that George Sand and Frederic Chopin spent the winter here in 1839. The city itself, surrounded by stone terraces and centuries-old olive trees, is favorite place summer holiday wealthy Majorcans.

It is worth visiting the former Carthusian monastery, secularized in 1835, to see the remaining monastic cells decorated with magnificent ceramics, the library, and the cells in which Chopin and George Sand lived. Here you will see the manuscript of the book “Winter in Mallorca”, written by the famous writer, and the piano played by the great Polish composer. Every year the monastery hosts an International Music Festival, during which famous pianists give concerts.

From Valldemosa the road will take you to the incredibly beautiful town of Deia, which somehow miraculously fits on the narrow terraces of the mountain slopes. It seems that the golden ocher houses local residents, lined with olives and conifers, have grown into the slopes, and their tiled roofs float in the treetops. At the top of one of the hills stands the ancient Church of St. John the Baptist.

Deya is well known in bohemian circles. Many artists come here in search of inspiration, and on its narrow streets it is quite possible to meet a celebrity from the world of cinema or show business strolling.

Not far from the city there is a charming bay with a beach, but you will have to walk down there (about an hour down, and a little more in the opposite direction).

To the east of Deia is the town of Soller. It is located among orange plantations, which are surrounded on all sides by mountains. It is sweet citrus fruits, almost the entire harvest of which is exported from Mallorca to the mainland, that is the main wealth of the city. The balconies of Soller's houses are decorated with geraniums, and the luxurious manor houses built in the 18th-19th centuries are reminiscent of the palaces of Cannes, Marseille and Toulon - the southern Mediterranean cities France.

Three kilometers from Soller is the resort of Port de Soller. It is located on the shore of a semicircular bay, protected from the wind, and is connected to the city by an ancient tram line, the only one in Mallorca.

A few kilometers from Soller lie the typical Mediterranean towns of Biniaraix and Fornaluch, with houses clinging to the hillsides, between which the streets meander like snakes. They are connected by stone stairs and miniature stone-paved squares.

Many Mallorcans consider Fornaluch to be the most... beautiful city on the island, but perhaps they pay tribute to its location, because it “occupies” the slope of Mallorca’s highest mountain, the peak of which, the Puig Mayor peak, is at an altitude of 1445 meters.

From Soller and its surrounding towns you can go on excursions to the Sierra de Tramontana mountains. Most difficult route will lead you to watchtower, located at an altitude of 915 m, overlooking the valley and mountain slopes, where picturesque ancient settlements are located. Here you will find yourself surrounded by four of the most high mountains island of Mallorca.

Near the small town of Bunyola is the Alfabia estate, famous for its gardens. It once served as the residence of one of the Moorish viziers. True, only the inlaid ceiling has been preserved from those times in this building. Walk along the magnificent poplar alley and you will see the baroque facade of the palace, and then, behind the Renaissance entrance hall, a patio surrounded by arched galleries. Wandering through the halls of this estate, you will be able to admire the magnificent Mallorcan setting, and a stroll through the romantic flowered garden with miniature ponds will make you feel as if time has stood still here.

The road heading north will lead to the Monastery of Our Lady of Ljuja, which is the spiritual center of the island of Mallorca. He settled in mountainous area, surrounded by bizarre limestone cliffs. The monastery was founded in 1250 and was rebuilt several times. It acquired its current appearance in the 17th-18th centuries. Pilgrims who come to the monastery venerate Moreneta, a small sculpture of the Blessed Virgin, which locals call the “Black Madonna.” Every year at the end of August a night procession takes place from Palma to it. The monastery has long been famous for its children's boys' choir, one of the best in the world.

In the Ethnographic Museum, located on the second floor of the main building of the monastery, you will find objects from the prehistoric period, as well as examples of Mallorcan folk clothing, ceramics, religious objects and paintings by local artists. To the left of the monastery building are bas-reliefs by Antoni Gaudi.

Closer to the north-western tip of Mallorca is the famous Calobra beach with fine sand and turquoise sea. The pristine beauty of this corner of the island, which seems to be protected by majestic cliffs, is simply amazing. Unfortunately, in Mallorca everyone knows about this, and a secluded holiday is out of the question here.

Located on the northern tip of Mallorca resort region Pollensa, which includes the city of the same name, the Formentor peninsula, the resorts of Port de Pollensa and Cala Sant Vicent. Pollensa itself lies at the foot of the Sierra de Tramontana, in the center of a fertile plain. This rich city with beautiful villas and excellent shops, which has long been chosen by writers and artists, lives a rich cultural life, as you can see by visiting its many galleries. In July-August, in the covered gallery of the monastery of St. Dominic, built in the 16th-17th centuries, international festivals music and painting.

The most famous landmark of the north of Mallorca, which is also the pride of the local residents, is the double-arch bridge built by the ancient Romans. Tourists are also impressed by the staircase with 365 steps, along which, inhaling the smell of the dark green cypress trees bordering it, you can climb the hill where there is a beautiful Baroque chapel built in the 18th century. From her porch it opens beautiful view to the surrounding area.

In the picturesque bays of Port de Pollensa and Cala Sant Vicente there are wonderful beaches, and Cape Formentor is a masterpiece of Mallorcan nature. Conventionally, it can be divided into two parts: from Porta de Pollensa to Formentor beach, and from the beach to the lighthouse. You can get here by the only road - from Porta Pollensa. Halfway there is an observation deck from which stunning panoramas open up, more than once captured by professional photographers, and decorating the pages of millions of tourist brochures and magazines with information about the island of Mallorca. Many tourists prefer walking trip along the cape. By old road, where they once rode donkeys, today there is an excellent walking route.

A picturesque mountainous cape, cutting like a wedge into the blue waters of the Mediterranean Sea, separates Pallença Bay from the spacious Alcudia Bay, on the coast of which there are seductive beaches. But first, take a look at the city of Alcudia, located a short distance from the coast. In the 1st century AD e. a small fortified city already stood on this site, which the Romans called Polentia. For some time it was the capital of Balearic. In the 5th century it was destroyed by vandals, but the Moors who conquered Majorca built a new city here, which they called Alcudia.

Alcudia captivates with its distinctive appearance, in which history and modernity are intertwined. Wandering through its narrow streets, paved with stone, you can admire the luxurious facades of the ancient buildings bordering them, and look into cute shops where they sell original souvenirs. There are many elegant cafes and restaurants here, which are especially pleasant to sit in in the evening, when the ancient city quarters are illuminated.

Three kilometers from the city, on the shores of Alcudia Bay, is located one of the most popular resorts on the island of Mallorca - Puerto de Alcudia. Along sea ​​coast there are crowded restaurants, cafes, and hotels lined up here, in which there are no empty seats during the season. This resort is ideal for families with children, because its spacious beaches with a gentle entrance to the sea are absolutely safe.

Southeast coast of Mallorca

Along eastern shore stretches the Sierra de Levante mountain range. These mountains are no less picturesque than the Sierra de Tramontana, but they are not so high and steep. Start your trip to this region by visiting ancient city Art that retains the charm of the architecture of the so-called colonial style. It is located in the middle of a valley, surrounded by hills, the top of one of which is crowned by the Church of Christ the Savior. From this picturesque place there is an amazing view of the surrounding spaces. Not far from Arta, at the foot of the hills, is another picturesque town - Capdepera, whose houses are crowded around ancient castle. Next to it is the excellent Cala Mesquida beach, especially popular among German tourists, and the resort of Cala Ratjada.

The famous Arta Grottoes are located in this part of the island of Mallorca. A visit to the grottoes, the height of which in some places reaches 40 m, invariably makes a strong impression on travelers. As you climb the stairs leading to the grottoes, you should sometimes turn around to capture in your memory the incredible beauty of the views of the sea, which appears from a completely unusual angle. These caves were inhabited back in the 16th century, and if they are not the most amazing in the world, as the Mallorcans are sure of, then, in any case, they are grandiose.

Continuing the journey along east coast, to the south of Mallorca, you will find yourself in the city of Porto Cristo, next to which there are another famous caves - Kharms and Drak. The Kharms caves are small in size, they can be explored in half an hour, but they are very interesting for their transparent stalactites, shaped like harpoons. The length of the Drak caves is 2 km. The five lakes located there brought them fame. One of them, Martel, is considered the largest cave reservoir in the world. Its length is 177 m, width – 40 m. During a two-hour excursion, including a boat ride, you will admire the beauty underworld and music and light effects. The cost of the excursion is 12 € per person.

The beaches in this part of the coast are surrounded by pine trees, for which they received the name “Pine Coast”.

Along the sea coast, from Porto Cristo to Porto Colon, there is a strip of resorts and beaches, each more beautiful than the other. There are about two dozen of them here.

The closer you get to the southern tip of Mallorca, the more winding the coastline becomes. It is indented by narrow bays turned into beach recreation areas. Some particularly attractive beaches are difficult to access and can only be reached by boat.

The largest “wild” beach in Mallorca, Es Trenc, is very popular among tourists and local residents, stretching for 2 km and not belonging to any resort. It is worth saying that this popularity comes at a cost to vacationers: for a pair of sun loungers under a straw umbrella you will have to pay 19 €, for a glass of mojito with ice – 7 €, for parking – 6 € (fortunately, per day).

Nearby is the Colonia Sant Jordi resort, which is quite quiet and cozy. Opposite it is the tiny island of Cabrera, which has the status national park, which can be reached by ferry.

Central areas of Mallorca

Traveling around the central part of the island is no less interesting than relaxing on one of its coasts. There are picturesque valleys here, the most famous of which is Es Pla. They are surrounded by mountain spurs covered with oak and pine forests, hills whose terraces are overgrown with almond, olive, orange and lemon trees.

Visit the quiet villages of Sa Pobla and Miro to admire the ancient Gothic buildings. Passing the fields, here and there you will see romantic mills, stop by Algaida, famous for its traditional Majorcan cuisine. The city is also famous for its fig plantations and glassware.

The town of Felanić has also retained its medieval charm. You will truly enjoy wandering through its ancient streets. Architecture connoisseurs should visit the St. Augustine Monastery, built in the 16th century.

Don't miss Albufera, the wettest part of the island, where some 230 species of birds live among lush vegetation. The main decoration of the flora of this place is the orchid “orehis palustriea”.

The cities of the island of Mallorca are very attractive and large (relatively speaking, of course). Inca is worth a visit not only to see its 18th-century monastery and baroque church. This city is famous for its numerous shoe factories. High-quality products from local manufacturers are displayed in the windows of all shops located in the city center. Local sausages and confectionery are also excellent.

The second largest city in Mallorca, after Palma, is Manacor. From a distance, it does not give the impression of an ancient city - high-rise buildings obscure the historical buildings preserved here. Its glorious past is reminiscent of a Gothic church with an elegant belfry, the building of a 17th-century monastery, which today houses the city hall, ancient tower, rising on the main square.

The city has gained international fame from the enterprises and workshops where artificial pearls are produced. Traditional Balearic furniture is also made in Manacor.

IN historical city Llucmajor, where the battle that ended the island's autonomy took place in the 14th century, see the monastery of San Buenaventura and a huge sculpture depicting the fighting Jaime III, the last king of independent Mallorca.

Active leisure

Fairy underwater world The sea area of ​​the island attracts diving enthusiasts here. Here you can endlessly swim among coral reefs, look at mysterious underwater caves, wrecks of sunken ships, exotic seaweed, bizarre invertebrates and fish. Almost every resort has its own diving school, where you can get training and rent diving equipment. The cost of the initial course is about 50 €.

From mid-July to mid-August, when a light breeze blows through Mallorca, surfing fans come here. The best schools for teaching this sport are in Alcudia and Puerto Pollensa. The cost of lessons for beginner windsurfers is about 20 €/hour.

Mallorca has 22 golf courses. The courses of varying degrees of difficulty are located mainly in Cala Major, near Palma, in Illetas, Magaluf, and the main golf resort is located in Santa Ponsa, on southwest coast islands.

Paragliding is also well developed in Mallorca. The main centers are in the areas of Alcudia, Cabo Blanca and Bethlen. A duet flight with an experienced instructor will cost 85 € for 20 minutes.

National cuisine

Traditional dishes of the island of Mallorca are a gourmet's dream! Excellent liquid meat and fish soups are prepared here. No less tasty are hearty thick soups made from cabbage, pieces of homemade bread soaked in broth, paprika, tomatoes and garlic.

Second courses are most often based on pork. It is fried or baked, stuffed with liver, eggs, bread, spices, apples and plums. From the same meat, Mallorcans prepare “sobrasada” - soft orange-colored sausages thanks to paprika. These sausages are especially tasty fried.

Mallorcan tombet is made from potatoes, eggplant, sweet peppers and tomatoes. This assortment, which looks like batter, is topped with tomato sauce. Eggplants stuffed with meat or fish and baked in the oven are also very good.

In restaurants with national cuisine try a dish called “Frit Mallorqui” - a mix of vegetables and meat. In the classic version, this should be the meat of a sheep fried in its own blood, which is cooked whole, along with offal (brains, tongue, liver, kidneys).

Another specialty of Mallorca is fish and seafood dishes. They are mainly cooked here on the grill.

Of the numerous sweet and salty dishes, also common in Mallorca, chicken stuffed with pomegranate seeds, white turkey meat with almond sauce, and pigeons with chestnuts are especially good. Try Soller-style eggs, baked and topped with milk-vegetable sauce, or empanadas made from tuna, vegetables and meat - a dish reminiscent of pizza.

Among sweet dishes, the most popular is ensaymada - a snail-shaped pastry filled with cream and sprinkled with powdered sugar. No less tasty are lush pies with apricots and almond pies, prepared without adding flour, which are often served with ice cream.

Mallorca produces good wines, but in small quantities. The best light red wine comes from Benisalem, Inca, Arta. And be sure to try the Mallorcan liqueur - palo.

Prices in cafes and restaurants on the island vary, as does the range of dishes served. A set lunch in an average cafe costs 8 € per person, and a meal in a fish restaurant will cost you at least 50 € per person.

Hotels in Mallorca

The most luxurious hotels in Mallorca are located along the coast, and the further from the sea, the lower the prices.

If you are on a budget, you can stay in a hostel for about 25 € per night. In three-star hotels, where the rooms are equipped with everything necessary, and the food system is “ buffet» includes seafood, fresh vegetables and fruits, daily accommodation costs from 40 €.

For a more comfortable room and additional services in one of the four-star hotels in Mallorca you will have to pay from 70 €, and accommodation in a five-star hotel will cost at least 130 € per day.

If you are traveling with a large group, it will be convenient for you to rent a villa. Depending on the number of rooms and services provided, the price starts from 520 € per week.

IN small towns You can stay at farms (“fincas”), which are restored manor houses. The level of service here is quite decent, and the surrounding atmosphere is delightful. Daily accommodation in double room – 90 €.

How to get there

You can get to Mallorca by air or sea. During the season, Palma de Mallorca airport receives direct flights from Moscow charter flights. In the off-season you will have to travel with transfers in Barcelona or Madrid. It is worth saying that the internal communication here is excellent. From Barcelona, ​​planes fly to Palma almost every hour (flight time is about half an hour, ticket price is from 50 € one way). It will take about an hour to fly from Madrid.

There are buses from the airport to Palma, the fare is 3 €. A taxi ride to the center of the capital will cost 20 €.

IN seaport Ships arrive from Palma de Mallorca every day from mainland Spain. From Barcelona, ​​for example, you can get there in 4-5 hours. The cost of a ticket, depending on the class of the ship and the time spent on the journey, starts from 40 €.

The main public transport on the island of Mallorca is buses. All of them are comfortable and equipped with air conditioning. The fare ranges from 1 to 10 € depending on the length of the route. A taxi can be called by phone or stopped on the street. All cars are equipped with meters (1 km = 1.25 €). You will need to pay 4 € for landing.