Coast of Montenegro. Montenegro. Economic and geographical location. Natural conditions and resources Geographical location of Montenegro on the map

Montenegro - small country, located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the coast Adriatic Sea. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. However, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, highland and flat, leading to Lake Skadar.

In the west, Montenegro borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast with Croatia, in the north and northeast with Serbia, and in the east with Albania. From the south it is limited by the Adriatic Sea, the length of the coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.

The coast of Montenegro, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and a rocky plateau that falls steeply towards it. Montenegro is home to one of the best harbors in Europe - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays connected by narrow canals. For a long time there was a belief that the bay was a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.

A karst plateau rises above the coast; the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the heaviest annual rainfalls cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare areas of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-shaped depressions. Here is located national park"Lovcen"

The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlica Plain and the Nikšić Field make up a flat region with an elevation difference of 350 m. The bulk of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat region. Here are the country's two largest cities - Podgorica and Niksic, as well as the Skadar Lake national park.

In the north of the country, northeast of the Piva, Komarnica and Moraca rivers, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain ranges can be distinguished: Visitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletiye (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The highest point of Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif. In the highlands there are pastures and forests, and numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries have carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks in this region - Biogradska Gora and Durmitor.

The explorer of the World Ocean Jacques-Yves Cousteau considered the shore of the Adriatic Sea, washing the coast of Montenegro, one of the cleanest in Europe. Along with ordinary tourists, this mountainous country is also preferred by such celebrities as Bill Gates, Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt. Today, Montenegro – unique reserve, a place where civilization harmoniously coexists with untouched nature, where the sea sparkles, medieval buildings can be seen among the green mountains and flowers are everywhere!

Geographical location of Montenegro

Montenegro is located in the central Mediterranean, in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Croatia to the north, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, and Albania to the southeast. The length of the coastline is 293 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km. The part of the Adriatic Sea between Montenegro and Southern Italy– this is the widest (200 km) and deepest (1330 m). Area: 13812 sq. km (0.14% of the territory of all Europe).

Capital

Podgorica (173 thousand people) - administrative center Republic of Montenegro. Cetinje is an ancient capital, historical and cultural center.

Climate in Montenegro

The diversity of relief greatly influences the climate. Gigantic mountain range closes the coast from northern winds. Therefore, the Mediterranean climate predominates at sea, and continental in the mountains. Average annual temperature air temperature in Montenegro is +17°C, and in July and August +29°C. The swimming season in Montenegro begins in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 to +26°C.

Population

620 thousand people (as of spring 2011). 62% - Montenegrins, 13% - Bosnians, 9% - Serbs, 7% - Albanians

State structure

Republic of Montenegro

Language in Montenegro

Serbian (alphabet - Cyrillic and Latin). All Montenegrins understand Russian perfectly.

Religion in Montenegro

Montenegrins and Serbs profess Orthodoxy, national minorities profess Catholicism and Islam.

Customs

You can import and export an unlimited amount of foreign currency into the country, but it is advisable to declare large amounts at the entrance. It should be noted that border and customs procedures are simplified as much as possible. You can import and export duty-free 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars, a liter of strong alcoholic drinks and 2 liters of wine. The export of objects and things of historical and artistic value is prohibited - without special permission.

Car rental

To rent a car in Montenegro, you must be at least 21 years old, have at least two years of driving experience (plus, of course, an international driving license), and also leave a deposit of 150-300 euros. Speed - 40 km/h - in populated areas, 70 km/h - on the highway, 120 km/h - on the autobahn.

Money in Montenegro

Euro. 1 euro = 100 cents.

Banking work

On weekdays from 08:00 - 19:00, on Saturday from 08:00 - 15:00

Telephone code of Serbia and Montenegro

Required telephone numbers

Police - 92, fire department - 93, ambulance -94, road assistance - 987. Some city codes: Herceg Novi and Igalo - 88, Budva, Becici, Petrovac, Milocer and Sveti Stefan - 86, Bar, Sutomore, Ulcinj , Ada-Bojana - 85, Tivat - 82

Mobile communications

It works in the GSM standard, so you can use roaming. But it is more convenient and more profitable to buy a card from one of the local operators - Pro Monte or Monet. There is no noticeable difference between them; express payment cards for replenishing your account are sold in any mini-market.

ElectricityNational Parks

Durmitor (39,000 ha), Lovcen (6,400 ha), Biogradska Gora (5,400 ha). World natural and cultural heritage are under the protection of UNESCO.

Beach

The beaches in Montenegro are some of the best in the world, and thanks to their diversity, you can choose a holiday by the sea to suit every taste. There are areas with fine sand (Ulcinj Riviera, Budva Riviera), while most of them (Žanjic, Nivitz, Sutomore) have very small pebbles, the size of buckwheat. Artificial beaches (concrete platform) are located in Tivat, Herceg Novi, Bar, Igalo. There are very crowded beaches, and there are secluded ones, there are beaches for “textile workers” and for nudists, there are paid and free ones. Almost all the beaches are located in secluded bays, sheltered from the wind and waves, between steep cliffs. Length sea coast Montenegro is 299 km long, and the length of beaches is 73 km. Renting umbrellas and sun loungers will cost 5-7 EUR per day. Guests of 4-5 star hotels, as a rule, use umbrellas and sunbeds for free. The largest beach (Velika Plaža) is located in Ulcinj, its length is 13 km.

Cuisine of Montenegro

Local cuisine is divided into 3 types - purely local, fish and Italian. The portions are huge. Despite the proximity of the Adriatic Sea, fish cuisine in Montenegro is very expensive. Local cuisine is a "fairy tale" of pork or beef. The cost of lunch with wine for 2 persons varies from 12 to 20 euros. If it is a fish dish, then the cost of lunch will be from 20 to 30 euros. In many Montenegrin restaurants, after the third visit to the restaurant, guests for the fourth time can be fed at the expense of the establishment.

Stores

Department stores and supermarkets are open daily from 06:00 to 21:00. Other shops from 09:00 to 21:00. IN tourist centers Almost all shops are open until 23:00, and some are open on Sunday. There is a lot of souvenirs in the country, the whole choice - national costumes and hats (quite expensive and purely decorative), T-shirts with a map of the country and the inscription Montenegro, bottles, plates and various handmade wooden utensils, lace, musical instruments (harp, pipes), icons (reproductions) - mainly at monasteries, painting and sculpture.

Safety

The crime rate in Montenegro is relatively low. Petty thefts from cars parked in unguarded parking lots occur. The attitude towards foreigners is very friendly. IN tourist areas You can be there in the evening without fear. Lives in mountainous and border areas large number Albanians. Visiting such places, especially where tourism is poorly developed, is not recommended without local accompaniment. It is necessary to take basic precautions and listen to the recommendations of your guide.

Transport

All cities and major settlements connected by bus. During the tourist season, bus stations operate 24 hours a day. Buses depart regularly from Podgorica to Belgrade. Herceg Novi and other cities on the coast have bus connections to Croatia. From Ulcinj a bus departs once a day to the city of Shkoder in Albania. There is no intracity bus service in Montenegro almost anywhere, with the exception of Podgorica. Short distances allow you to walk or take a cheap taxi.

Souvenirs and shopping

As souvenirs, you can buy national costumes and hats (quite expensive and purely decorative), T-shirts with a map of the country and the inscription Montenegro, bottles, plates, various handmade wooden utensils, lace, musical instruments (harp, pipes), reproductions of famous icons (in mainly in monasteries), painting and sculpture.

Attractions

It is in Montenegro that the largest lake in the Balkans is located - Skadar. Its 40 islands give it a special charm; some of them have perfectly preserved medieval fortresses and monasteries. By the way, Lake Skadar is one of the few where you can watch pelicans in their natural environment habitat.

In the Cetinje Monastery there are two of the most important Orthodox shrines - a piece of the Honest Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, on which Jesus Christ was crucified, and the right hand of the prophet John the Baptist.

Geographical location of the country

Montenegro is a state in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula.

Geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 19 18 E

The territory of the country has the shape of an irregular trapezoid, with its apex facing the sea. The length from north to south and from west to east is about 200 km, the Adriatic coast is about 100 km (not counting the coastline of the winding Bay of Kotor).

It is washed by the Adriatic Sea and has land borders with Croatia in the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest, Serbia in the northeast, the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo in the east, and Albania in the southeast.

The territory of the country can be divided into three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, relatively flat central part country where its two largest cities are located: Podgorica and Niksic, and mountain systems east of the country.

The length of the state's land borders is 614 km: in the west with the Republic of Croatia - 14 km; in the northwest with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km; in the northeast with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo 203 km; in the southeast with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.

The continental coastline of Montenegro is about 300 km long. Montenegro has 14 sea islands, the total length of the coastline of which is 15.6 km. In the north-west of the country there is a large bay of Boka Kotorska, which has a water surface area of 87.3 km² and cuts into the land at 29.6 km.

The length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km. Temperature sea water for seven months it fluctuates from + 12 to +26 °C, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.

Relief of the country

The Republic of Montenegro occupies the highest edge of the Dinaric Highlands, consisting of individual mountain ranges, ridges and intermountain basins. Here, many peaks rise above 2000 m above sea level; in the south, on the border with Albania, is the highest point of the country - Mount Djaravica (2656 m). The marginal ridges of the highlands have a steep fall towards the Adriatic Sea.

Some of the mountain ranges are a bare karst plateau, while others, and most of them, are covered with dense coniferous forests, which gave some philologists the right to derive the name of the country from the blackness of the mountain dark coniferous forests.

The rocky plateaus are a picturesque region of Montenegro, which literally adjoins the coast. Mountain and sea air currents meet here. This region is sparsely populated. In the area above Kotor, precipitation levels reach about 4800 mm per year: this is the highest in Europe. Heavy downpours can be observed here for many days.

Central Plain. Lake Skadar, the Zeta River valley and the plains in the area largest cities Montenegro Niksic, Danilovgrad and Podgorica. Its average height is 40 m (in the north. The fertile lowlands and river valleys are an ideal place for settlements, so there is a concentration of greatest number population of the country. Here are the three largest cities in the country - Niksic and Podgorica and Danilovgrad, as well as the Skadar Lake National Park. The plains do not occupy too large areas. The region of Lake Skadar, the valley of the Zeta River and the Niksic field are well suited for farming. Essentially, all the fertile lands of the country are limited to this, so Montenegro is by no means an agricultural country. The plain has a very warm climate, summers are warmer than in the subtropics of the seaside. Warm air masses come from the sea along the valley and reach Podgorica, so it is the warmest city in all of Montenegro.

Highlands. The north of Montenegro is occupied by high mountains. These mountains are rich in pastures, forests and lakes. The rivers Moratsa, Piva, Tara and their tributaries cut canyons into the rocks - narrow channels with steep banks. There are two national parks in this region - Biograd and Durmitor. The highlands occupy the largest area of the country and are its important attraction. Here there are mountain plateaus surrounded on all sides at an altitude of 1400-1700 meters. They are separated by mountain peaks over 2000 meters high, including the most high mountain Bobotov Kuk is located on the Durmitor massif - 2522 meters. Except majestic mountains The area is extremely attractive for its ponds. In total, there are 29 alpine lakes of rare beauty in Montenegro. They still leak here mountain rivers, such as Piva, Tara, Moraca, Zeta. Over the millions of years of their existence, these rivers, as well as their tributaries, have carved narrow channels with steep banks in the rocks - canyons, whose beauty and size are unique. The Tara River canyon is the largest in Europe, its depth reaches 1300 meters. Only the Grand Canyon in Colorado is larger. The Tara River, the cleanest European river protected by UNESCO, is suitable for active tourism, for example, rafting.

Climate of Montenegro

Montenegro has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the country's territory is small, four climatic regions can be distinguished here: coast, rocky plateau, plain and highlands.

A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide, along the coast of Montenegro, has the most pronounced features Mediterranean climate. Summer there is hot (the average daily temperature in July is 28..30 o C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, during which time 170 - 260 mm falls per month; in the north of the coast 1.5 times more precipitation falls than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 o C, and during the day 11..13 o C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 o C.

A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. It receives the most rainfall in Europe, as its southwestern slopes trap moist air coming from the sea. Thus, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was recorded. The town of Crkvica received the maximum annual rainfall - 5155 mm, and in the town of Crkvice, located on a plateau near Mount Lovcen cultural capital countries Cetinje - maximum annual average (3927 mm/year). Just like on the coast, in summer there is noticeably less precipitation (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm). The difference in altitude between the coast and the plateau is on average 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in summer it is cooler here than on the coast; the average daily temperature in July varies from 23 to 27 o C depending on the altitude. In winter, the average temperature at night is -3..-5 o C, and during the day 5..8 o C. Snow usually falls in December and persists until mid-March.

The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from the direct influence of the Adriatic Sea, so in summer it is hotter here than on the coast (average daytime temperature in July 30..32 o C), and in winter it is cooler: on average 0..3 o C at night and 9..11 o Happy day. Precipitation occurs mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30-60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250-300 mm.

The climate of the highlands has subalpine features. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 o C, and during the day 0..3 o C, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and persists until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month depending on the orientation of the slope). Summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 o C (high in the mountains it can be colder!), and at night 8..10 o C.

Rivers and lakes

The longest rivers in Montenegro: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Boyana (30 km). About 52.2% of Montenegrin rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% to the Adriatic Sea basin. Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout their entire length through the territory of Montenegro. The Boyana River was previously the only navigable river in Montenegro; At the moment it is not navigable. Most Montenegrin rivers are mountainous and form deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon, about 1200 m deep, is the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. The rivers of Montenegro have an energy potential of 115 kW per 1 km² of territory, which is a very high figure. However, for various reasons (including environmental ones), hydropower is not developed in the country.

The largest lake in Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula is Skadar. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the lake (by area) are located on the territory of Montenegro, one third - on the territory of Albania. 40 mountainous islands rise above the surface of the lake. The second largest lake in Montenegro is Shasskoe (3.64 km²), located near Ulcinj. Also on the territory of Montenegro there are 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin (the so-called “mountain eyes”), the total area of which is 3.89 km². They are called “mountain eyes” because the water in them is unusually clean and calm. Not only do they resemble the eyes of nature in their shape and purity. In them, as in eyes drooping with “eyelashes,” pine needles are reflected mountain peaks. The most beautiful of the lakes is Black Lake. Its area is 516,000 sq. meters, it is located at an altitude of 1,418 meters above sea level. His clear water, visible to a depth of 9 meters. Black Lake consists of two lakes – Big and Small. During the flood, the water big lake In the vicinity of Zabljak it goes underground, having traveled quite a distance in the depths, under the canyon of the Tara River, it comes to the surface and becomes its right tributary. In the same way, the water leaving through the bottom of the Small Lake comes to the surface in the Komarnica canyon, and together with it flows into the Piva River. The Tara and Piva rivers merge to form the Drina River. Snake Lake is located in a dense forest at an altitude of 1,495 meters, and Small Lake is 1,788 meters above sea level. Many legends are associated with each of the lakes, the names of which are translated as Rybnoe, Goluboe, Wavy, Vrazhe, Zeleny.

Flora

Thanks to the mountainous terrain and southern latitudes, the vegetation of this small republic is very diverse. On the territory of Montenegro, 1.2% of the world’s flora, approximately 3,500 plant species, grows. The country ranks 1st in Europe in terms of the number of plant species per unit area. These are mainly rare, endemic and relict species, among which there are medicinal, aromatic and melliferous plants. Most of the territory (about 80%) is occupied by forests in which spruce, fir, beech, elm, oak, maple, rowan, and lime trees grow. Meadows are also common. On the Adriatic coast and islands there are thickets of hard-leaved evergreen shrubs (maquis) and areas of subtropical forests (holm oak, laurel, myrtle, etc.); large areas are covered with tough grasses.

Due to the fact that the average altitude of Montenegro above sea level is 1500 m, a lot of light and ultraviolet rays fall on plants, which is very important for the appearance of medicinal properties. Among the climatic factors, a significant amount of precipitation should be noted. Most of them fall in spring and autumn.

Mountain plants receive moisture from night dew. On the other hand, summer dryness also has its effect, because... promotes the formation of a large amount of oily substance. Soil composition also affects vegetation diversity.

Animal world

Thanks to the forests, a rich natural fauna has been preserved in Montenegro. Large animals live in mountainous areas: brown bears, lynxes, wild boars, wolves, deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats. There are jackals on the coast, and turtles, snakes, and lizards in the karst areas. Lizards and snakes live on rocky slopes. The world of birds is also rich; woodpeckers, turtle doves, cuckoos, partridges, and thrushes live here. Numerous predators are also common (golden eagle, vulture, etc.). Fish stocks, both marine and freshwater, are also significant. The rivers and lakes are home to carp, pike, perch, trout, and eel. In the Adriatic Sea, sardine, mackerel, tuna, palamid, and mullet are of commercial importance.

Geographical location

Montenegro located in southeastern Europe, on Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. Total area of the country amounts to 13.8 thousand sq. km. Capital of Montenegro- city Podgorica(formerly Titograd).

Montenegro is washed from the southAdriatic Sea. State in the west borders with Croatia, in the northwest borders with Bosnia And Herzegovina,in the northeast- With Serbia, in the east- With Kosovo And Albaniain the southeast.

Total length of land borders states is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia- 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.

Before June 2006 Montenegro was part of the confederation State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Independence Montenegro received June 3, 2006.

The territory of the country conventionally consists of three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, as well as the mountain systems of the east of the country. In the central part of the country there are two of its largest cities - Podgorica And Nikisic.

Continental coastline Montenegro stretches for almost 300 km. The state includes 14 sea islands. Length of coastline of these islands is 15.6 km. In the northwest Montenegro is located large bay called Boka Kotorska, which crashes into land on 29.6 km. Its water surface area amounts to 87.3 km².

Total length of beaches Montenegro is 73 km, sea water transparency in some places exceeds 35 m.

There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. Near 52,2 % rivers of the country belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47,8 % belong to the Adriatic Sea basin. The longest of which are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Cheotina(100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) And Boyana (30 km).

Three Montenegrin rivers ( Moraca, Zeta And Beer) flow throughout the country throughout its entire length. River Boyana Previously it was the only navigable river in the country. It is currently no longer navigable.

Almost all the country's rivers are mountainous; they form fairly deep canyons. Tara River Canyon counts deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is approx. 1200 meters.

Famous Skadar Lake is the largest lake not only the country, but also the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of its water surface amounts to 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.

The second largest lake in Montenegro is Shasskoye Lake, area 3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. There are also 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin. Their total area amounts to 3.89 km².

The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. Highest point countries is a mountain Bobotov-Cook, (mountain range Durmitor). Its height is 2522 m. Areas adjacent to Adriatic coast, are located in a zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky headlands.

In northern Montenegro climate temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean.

In the coastal region of the country, summers are often long, dry and quite hot. Average summer air temperature here is +23-25 °C. Winter in this part of the country is short and cool, with average temperatures from +3 to -7 °С. In the mountainous regions of Montenegro, summer is not so hot, the temperature here ranges from +19 to 25 °C. Winters are cooler here - from +5 to −10 °C. Precipitation in this part of the country falls mainly in the form of snow. On Mount Durmitor it may fall out up to five meters level. But on the coast and in the basin of Lake Skadar snow falls extremely rarely. Total precipitation in Montenegro from 500 to 1500 mm per year. Precipitation falls mainly in the form of rain. In the mountains near the sea coast, in some places it rains over 3000 mm.

In the northern regions In Montenegro there is usually snow until 5 months per year. Number of sunshine hours per year in Igalo is 2386 , and in Ulcinj - 2700 . Maximum sea water temperature in Montenegro - 27.1°C. Average temperature sea in summer amounts to 24.7°C.

Dinaric mountain range(Orjen, Lovcen) rise above the coast in the form of a giant canopy. It prevents the Mediterranean climate from penetrating into the interior of the country.

Best time to visit the country is the period from May to September-October. Tourist season in Montenegro it usually starts in April and continues until November. Sea temperature within seven months fluctuates from +20 C to +26 C. The swimming season in Montenegro is equal in duration to the tourist season.

Visas, entry rules, customs regulations

Currently, for entry into Montenegro for a period of less than 30 days citizens of Russia no visa required. It is only necessaryinvitation or travel voucher.

To stay in the country more than 30 days,needs to be formalized visa valid for 3 or 6 months. This can be done at the Embassy of Montenegro. Extend your residence permit tourists can also travel directly to Montenegro. For this purpose they will need to contact to the police department at your place of residence, to the migration officer.

For visa processing charged Consular fee in Euro. To obtain a visa for a stay of more than 30 days, the consular fee for citizens of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine is €60 . Additionally for a child included in the parents’ passport, will be charged €6 . Consular fee for a child with their own passport amounts to €60 .

For registration for CIS citizens single-entry tourist visa for a period of less than 30 days Consular fee is charged in the amount of €20 . Additionally for a child included in the parents' passport, you will need to pay €6 .

International passport to enter the country must be valid at least 2 weeks after the expected end of the trip.

For citizens of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus who do not have prior hotel reservations or a travel voucher when entering the country it will be enough to present a valid passport and return ticket. The tourist in this case obliged register at the hotel or with the owners of the rented apartments within 24 hours after entering Montenegro.

In Montenegro also charged tourist tax . It is about 1 Euro per person per day of stay in the country. Register a tourist can visit a Tourist Organization or a travel agency. This can also be done at the police station with the inspector for foreigners.

When entering Montenegro with pets, such as a cat or a dog, need to Have a certificate from a veterinarian with you. It must contain information about the origin and health status of the animal. There must be a note stating that the animal does not suffer from rabies. You can obtain such a certificate from a veterinarian. The animal undergoes veterinary control at airports in Russia and Montenegro.

When departing from Montenegro need to pay airport tax in size 15 euros.

Import and export foreign currency and securities in foreign currency can be without limitation. Only large amounts of cash need to be declared.

Persons aged 18 years and older, regardless of their nationality, can duty free import into the country up to 200 cigarettes, up to 100 cigarillos, or 50 cigars, or up to 250 grams of tobacco. Also allowed in Montenegro duty free import up to 1 liter of strong alcoholic drinks and up to 1 liter of wine. You can import up to 250 ml of cologne and a reasonable amount of perfume and other perfumes.

Personal items and sports equipment can be imported to Montenegro only within personal needs. This includes: 1 binoculars, 1 laptop, 1 shotgun with a set of ammunition, 1 bicycle, 1 set of fishing equipment, 2 tennis rackets, up to 2 photo and 1 video cameras, 1 tent, 1 pair of alpine skis, 1 musical instrument, 1 CD or MP3 player.

Most of these items no need to declare. Written a temporary import declaration will be required only for the import of video cameras, VCRs and other consumer electronics.

To the country cannot be imported drugs, psychotropic and explosive substances, poisons. Besides, import prohibited counterfeit products, pesticides and some medicines, raw gold and coins. Pets can be imported and exported only if all relevant veterinary standards are observed.

From Montenegro can be exported a reasonable amount of perfume, tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. Cannot be exported antiques from the country, unless they are accompanied by appropriate documentary evidence of the legality of their purchase.

Upon entering the territory of Montenegro by car from June 15, 2008 you need to pay environmental fee. The amount of this fee for vehicles with no more than 8 seats, is 10 euros. For cars weighing no more than 5 tons will have to pay 30 euros, more than 5 tons - 50 euros.For entry by trucks will need to be paid 80-150 euros. To confirm that the fee has been paid, a special sticker is placed on the windshield of the car. It is valid for 11 months.

Population, political status

Population of Montenegro totals about 700 thousand people.The bulk of the population make up Montenegrins And Serbs.Albanians live mainly in the Ulcinj area. Bosniaks live in the north of Montenegro. They also live here Greeks And Croats.

In recent years, foreigners have begun to purchase real estate in Montenegro. Now there are up to 40 thousand foreigners here who permanently reside in the coastal areas. The main part of them are citizens of the CIS, there is also a small amount Germans And British.

National composition of the population: Montenegrins- near 50 % ,Serbs - 31,99 % , Bosnians - 7,77 % , Albanians - 5,03 % , Croats - 1,10 % , Russians - 1,00 % , gypsies - 0,42 % , other- 5,56 % .

Official languages Montenegro are: Serbian (85,7 % ) And Albanian (5,3 % ). Used in the country Serbian language, Jekavian dialect with equal use of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabet. Also used Bosnian And Croatian.

Administratively, the country's territory consists of 21 municipalities(region, community). These municipalities are named after their central cities.

To the municipality Podgoricaincludes two urban districts: urban district Zeta and urban district Tuzi.The central city of the district Zeta is Golubovtsi. It should be noted that Zeta represents the name historical region, as well as the ancient name of Montenegro.

Capital of Montenegro is Podgorica. Largest cities in the country: Podgorica, Niksic, Pljevlja, Bijelo Polje, Herceg Novi, Berane And Cetinje.

In the early 1990s Yugoslavia actually collapsed. Montenegro remained after that in one federal state with Serbia.May 21, 2006 year in the referendum 55,5% Montenegrins voted to leave the federation with Serbia. June 3, 2006 Montenegro declared its independence. The state was recognized by the international community.

October 20, 2007 year was adopted Constitution of Montenegro. According to this constitution, Montenegro is a free, democratic, environmentally friendly state.

Power in the country divided into legislative, executive And judicial. President of Montenegro formally not included in the system of separation of powers. He elected for a five-year term during a universal direct secret ballot.

Legislative branch carried out in the country unicameral parliament which is called Assembly. It consists of 81 deputy Members of Parliament are elected 4 year during direct secret voting. Elected 76 deputies, and also 5 Albanian representatives are nominated from the Albanian minority.

Executive branch carried out in the country Government (Vlada). The composition of the government, at the proposal of the President, is approved by the Assembly.

Judicial system consists of two levels. Supreme Court Montenegro ensures the unity of law enforcement practice throughout the country. There are also in Montenegro Constitutional Court.

Executive and legislative authorities Montenegro is controlled by " Coalition for European Montenegro» - DPSC And Social Democratic Party of Montenegro.

December 16, 2008 Montenegro submitted an application to join the European Union. The country's government is also seeking rapprochement with NATO.

What to see

On the shores of the Bay of Kotor There are a large number of interesting attractions. The first settlers in these places appeared in ancient times. The bay itself, famous for its beauty, is also of great interest to tourists. Best view it opens up from the adjacent rocky plateau. There are several bays here, which are connected to each other by narrow channels. These bays extend more than 20 km into the coast.

In its farthest part you can see the medieval city Kotor. He is architectural monument UNESCO. Old town Kotor is located between the sea and the spurs of the Lovcen mountain range. The main attraction of the city counts cathedral Saint Tryphon. This cathedral was erected in 1166 year. It was built on the foundations of an earlier church, which was dedicated to the patron and protector of the city. The height of the city's fortress walls is up to 20 meters and the width is up to 15 meters. These fortress walls rise all the way to the fortress of St. Ivan, located high in the mountains. In the bay, opposite Perast, there are picturesque small islands Gospa od Škrpela And Saint George.

City Herceg-Novilezhit at the foot of the Orien mountain range. It is located at the exit from the Bay of Kotor. Here you can see a unique botanical garden , which has been formed over several centuries. Currently, the garden features a large variety of different types tropical and subtropical plants. The most famous monument of history and architecture of the city counts Orthodox monastery Savina (XI century). Tourists are also attracted bastions, National Museum And old residential building.

City Budva is located in the central part of the country's coast. The old city is surrounded by high fortress walls. These walls were built in XV century even before the Turkish invasion. In the old part of the city you can wander through the narrow winding streets. In the center located museum, was here before city citadel. Near the citadel there are three ancient churches: Church of St. Ivan from the 7th century, 9th century St. Mary's Church And Holy Trinity Church. The latter was erected in 1804 year and represents Orthodox church in Byzantine style. Not far from Budva there is a famous island hotel Saint Stephen. It has completely preserved the appearance of a medieval city.

Ancient Bar first mentioned in IX century. In fact, it was built by the Romans. A fortress has been preserved here since the Turkish invasion Hi-Nehai. In the city, tourists can also see 12th century St. George's Cathedrals And Saint Nicholas of the 14th century. Near the Old Bar, in Mirowice, growing one of the oldest olive trees in the world. His age is over 2000 years.

Ulcinj is the southernmost city of Montenegro. There are long, beautiful beaches here. In addition, you can see historical sights here. City Museum is a real historical and cultural complex. Tourists can also see remains of the Venetian walls and visit ethnographic museum. The architecture of the old city shows the influence of different styles and eras.

On the territory of Montenegro in different parts there are 4 national parks. "Durmitor" located in the mountains in the northwest, park " Biogradska Gora" located in the north, "Lovcen" - in the mountains near the coast, A " Skadar Lake" located on the plain in the southeast of the country. The largest area is occupied by the territory of the National Park Durmitor". Here you can also see the famous Tara River Canyon. This canyon is considered deepest in Europe and is located under the protection of UNESCO. Tourists can go to excursion along it on rafts or rafts. There is also a picturesque medieval fortress. Very beautiful canyons of the rivers Piva, Moraca, Susica, and also glacial lakes , which are in the mountainous part of Montenegro.

Biograd Forest is one of the last intact forests in Europe. The beautiful Skadar Lake. They live here large bird colonies. IN national park "Lovcen"you can admire the unique mountain landscape. In addition, here on Lake Peak located Mausoleum of Peter II Petrovich Njegus.

Montenegro is a fairly religious country. There are many monasteries and churches here. In total, there are about fifty monasteries in the country, over thirty of them are active.

Cultural capital of Montenegro- city Cetinje, lies on the slopes of Mount Lovcen. This city was founded in XIII century. It is a real museum under open air. Its main shrine counts Cetinje Monastery, built during the period from 1484 to 1785. The monastery is located in the very center of the city. Within the walls of this monastery unique sacred relics are kept, such as: embalmed hand of Saint John the Baptist And part of the cross on which the Savior was crucified. There are also the first printed book of the South Slavs - "Octoechos", which appeared in 1494 year.

Ostrog Monastery was founded in XVII century. Its peculiarity is that it is carved into the rock at a height 900 m above sea level. Numerous pilgrims from all over the world come here. This monastery houses relics of St. Basil of Ostrog- a miracle worker-healer who is revered throughout the Orthodox world.

Not far from Kolasin located Moraca Monastery. This monastery was built over 750 years ago. He stands in picturesque place over the stormy Moraca River. Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in the Moraca monastery is the tomb of rulers. In this temple you can see magnificent frescoes. Among them there is a unique cycle, which is dedicated to to the prophet Elijah. The monastery also contains Church of St. Nicholas And Church of St. Archdeacon Stephen.

The territory on which modern Montenegro is located was previously part of the Roman Empire. In those days it was called Ducla (Doclea). The first Slavic tribes began to settle in this region of the Balkan Peninsula in VI century. The Balkans became Slavic in VIII century.

Christianity appeared on the territory of Montenegro in VII century. When the Empire was divided into Western, Roman, Eastern and Byzantine this region the border has passed. In addition, the churches here were divided into Roman And Orthodox. This determined the historical position of Montenegro on the border of Slavic and Mediterranean peoples. It's mixed up various cultures and economic systems.

The state included the territory near Lake Skadar, as well as nearby mountains. First Prince of Ducli was Vladimir. Dyuklya was renamed to Zetu. IN 1040 year she gained independence and became the first independent state in the Balkans, which received Byzantine recognition. The country reached its greatest prosperity at the end XI century. Then it controlled almost the entire territory of modern Bosnia and Serbia.

The modern name Montenegro was first mentioned in the chronicles of the monastery of St. Nicholas in Vranzhin related to 1296 year. This is how the area around Mount Lovcen was named. It seemed black from the dense forest growing on it.

In the Middle Ages, Zeta was a small feudal state. The country had to win its independence from the encroachments of Albania, Venice, and then Turkey. The state was led by various dynasties:Vojisavljevic, Balsic And Crnojevic. IN XV century under the reign Krnojevicin the town of Cestinje were built fortress And monastery. This place began to be considered a symbol of spiritual and state independence. IN 1493 During their reign, the first printing house in the Balkans was created.

Then, in 1496 year the state came under Turkish domination. The invaders annexed Zeta to the province of Skadar. But even at this time, Montenegro enjoyed greater autonomy rights. Independence from Turkey the state was able to obtain 1645 year. After that, at the head of the country stood metropolitans, who enjoyed very great spiritual influence, as well as Assembly of the People of Montenegro.

IN 1697 year the Assembly appointed metropolitan Danilo I, from which it originates Petrovich dynasty. IN XVIII-XIX centuries, Montenegro won several victories in battles with superior Turkish troops. This contributed to her complete liberation from Turkish influence. In many ways, these victories were facilitated by allied relations with Russia. During the same period, Montenegro gained access to the Adriatic coast and began to control the port of Bar. Results of the liberation wars 1875-1878 years received official recognition in the peace treaty signed in San Stefano in February 1878 year, and also at the Berlin Congress in summer 1878 year. After this Berlin Congress, Montenegro (together with Serbia and Romania) received state status, recognized internationally. Day July 13 became a national holiday.

At the end XIX century, statehood is rapidly developing in Montenegro. IN 1879 year by his decree Prince Nicholas established State Council, ministries And Supreme Court. IN 1888 were adopted in the country Civil code And Property Law.

First Montenegrin constitution appeared December 19, 1905 year. IN 1910 year Parliament (People's Assembly) proclaimed Montenegro Constitutional Monarchy. Prince Nicholas became King Nicholas I.

During this period in the country industry began to develop rapidly. Prince Nicholas's daughter, Helena, was the wife of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy. By agreement with him, Italy invested 10 million liras in the development of the Montenegrin economy. With these funds, a port was built in the country in Bar. There was also railway , which connected Bar, Virpazar, Podgorica and Danilovgrad.

During the First World War country fought on the side of the Entente. The army of Montenegro fought with the troops of Austria-Hungary under the command of Serbia. After the end of the war Montenegro became the only winning country, which lost her independence. Serbia managed to implement the idea " Greater Serbia", creating the kingdom of the South Slavs, called Yugoslavia. Montenegro joined it by decision of the Assembly in Podgorica November 11, 1918 year. The country lost its sovereignty, army and royal dynasty. Part of the country's population protested against unification with Serbia. Armed uprisings began to break out, the Serbian army successfully suppressed them. In the mountainous regions of the country, resistance to Serbia continued even before 1920 year.

Montenegro became part of the province Zetska Banovin A. This territory became one of the poorest provinces in Yugoslavia. During the Second World War were posted here bases of Tito's partisan movement. After the victory and the formation of a communist state, Yugoslavia became a federation. Montenegro was then one of the seven republics that were part of it. With subsidies from the center, industry began to develop in the republic. IN 1980s years, the active development of the tourism industry began here.

At the beginning 1990s Yugoslavia collapsed. Montenegro at this time remained in the same federal state with Serbia. At first, this state continued to bear the former name of Yugoslavia, and with 2003 years - Serbia and Montenegro. Fighting did not affect Montenegro. However the country has suffered quite seriously from international sanctions, which were imposed on the union state. In the referendum held May 21, 2006 years, 55,5% Residents of Montenegro voted to leave the federation with Serbia. June 3, 2006 Montenegro declared its independence. June 15 Montenegro's independence was recognized by Serbia. Montenegro became an independent state.

Foreign trade

Main export products in Montenegro are: aluminum(more 50% total exports), metal products, and also mineral oils. Montenegrin import make up cars, mineral fuel, power equipment And cars.Main foreign trade partners Montenegro can include the following countries: Serbia, Italy, Germany, Greece, Slovenia And Croatia.

Stores

Shops in Montenegro are usually open daily With 8:00 to 20:00 . In tourist centers they can only close in 23:00 . Many shops(and even pharmacies) closed during the day.

Usually break in shops happens with 13 to 17 hours, but maybe from 13 to 16 , and with 12 to 17 . In large and resort towns It's not hard to find stores that are open around the clock. Some stores work in Sunday. Numerous private retail outlets work on your own schedule.

The price level in the country is quite low, when compared with Western Europe. But compared to Turkey and Egypt, it is much higher. You need to know that prices vary depending on the region of the country. In coastal areas everything is approximately 25% more expensive. But hotels, on the contrary, are more expensive in the interior of the country.

Very convenient for tourists that are now in Montenegro Euro is the official currency. There is no need to change currency and lose on commissions.

As souvenirs tourists usually bring from Montenegro T-shirts with resort symbols, plates, as well as various shell crafts. Montenegrins are also famous alcoholic drinks.

Demography

Annual population growth country is about 3,5 % . Population density - 44.9 people/km².

Industry

Traditionally main industry in Montenegro were ferrous metallurgy(center - Niksic), aluminum recycling(Podgorica) and electrical industry (Cetinje). Sufficiently developed in the country rubber,textile (Bijelo Polje) And chemical industry. In Kotor produce bearings. Shipbuilding Center And ship repair are Biela And Bar. Light And food industry most developed in Niksic And Bare. Woodworking centers are considered: Giving birth, Berane, Pljevlja And Niksic.

Currently, the Montenegrin economy is experiencing rapid growth. Major industries are developing, as well as agriculture and tourism.

The largest enterprises countries are: Aluminum smelter in Podgorica, metallurgical plant in Niksic, TPP And coal mine"Pljevlya." The country is forced to import ferroalloys,electrodes, hot rolled sheet, petroleum products, and also electricity.

The country's rivers have very high energy potential - 115 kW per 1 km² territories. But, for various reasons, hydropower is underdeveloped in Montenegro.

Flora and fauna

Flora Montenegro is quite rich and diverse. Here on 0,14% grows on the territory of Europe 2833 plant varieties. This represents almost a quarter of the species of European flora.

On the coast of the country grow olive And fruit groves, cypress trees, palm trees And grape. Most of the area of coastal cliffs covered maquis, which are dense thickets of evergreen shrubs. This vegetation is characteristic of the Mediterranean.

In mountainous areas Montenegro meet oak And coniferous forests. On the Belasitsa mountain range is located national park "Biogradska Gora". It is covered with mixed forest. Trees grow here 86 breeds Among the main breeds can be distinguished: spruce, fir, beech, elm, oak, maple And mountain ash. Rare alpine plants also grow in the mountains. edelweiss, mountain cornflowers And violets. These species are characteristic of the alpine meadow belt.

Another famous national park of Montenegro is located on Lake Skadar. Completely different types of plants grow here. The area here is marshy and covered with reeds. On the surface of the lake you can see a large number of yellow and white water lilies. Many types of vegetation in Montenegro are endemic. This means that they only grow in a given area.

Animal world Montenegro is also quite interesting. In the mountainous regions of the country There are such predatory animals as: wolves, bears And foxes. They are hunting deer, chamois,wild goats,hares And gophers. Found in the valleys wild boars.

In the Adriatic Sea There are a large number of different species of fish. Meet here sea bass, mullet, red mullet, and also shrimp, lobster, octopus.

In the rivers of the country The following types of fish live: trout, perch, carp, catfish, carp And pike. In Lake Skadar lives 50 species of fish. Locals mine here bleak And carp. In addition, he lives permanently or temporarily on Lake Skadar 270 bird species. Colonies meet here pelicans, cormorants, herons And black ibises. Bird watchers from all over the world come to this lake.

More 41 % area of Montenegro covered forests and forest lands . On pastures have to 39,58 % common territory.

According to the Constitution of Montenegro, the republic is “ eco-friendly state" Near 8,1 % its territory is under various environmental regimes. There are many in the country national reserves , the main ones being: Durmitor, Lovcen, Biogradska Gora And Skadar Lake.

Banks and money

Driving a car in Montenegro has its own characteristics, which you must be aware of. should know tourists. First of all, for car trips by country necessary stock up yourself latest version road maps good scale. This is due to the fact that most of the road maps sold do not include the major changes that occurred in the country after the last Balkan war of 1992-1996. Part of the roads that used to be good quality, have now actually become completely unusable. In addition, during this time a large number of new roads with good coverage have appeared in Montenegro. This problem is especially pressing in the mountainous regions of the country.

Roads throughout the country are not of very good quality By European standards. Even the best highways have only two lanes in each direction. All other roads have only one lane in each direction. In addition, moving around the country by car is complicated by the mountainous terrain and the large number of freight transit vehicles on the roads. For tourists recommended travel by car in Montenegro at a speed no higher than 60-70 km/hour

Bus service in Montenegro it is developed quite well. Transport runs according to a strict schedule. However, the country's bus fleet is already very outdated; the buses lack ventilation and air conditioning. And due to the mountainous terrain, bus trips take longer than regular roads. This is associated with bus delays and breakdowns.

Public transport in cities, too, the car park is mostly outdated. Travel coupons are sold at any newsstand. This coupon is needed compost upon entering the salon. You can also travel by tram or bus pay by giving money to the driver. However, the fare in this case increases almost 2 times. Reusable tickets can be purchased at tobacco kiosks.

In Montenegro no internal rail service. The only existing line leads from Bar to Serbian Belgrade. This route passes through Podgorica and Bialo Polje. By this direction Up to 4 trains run daily. One of them is night and has sleeping places.

In Montenegro there is four types of trains: "express"(express)" proverbs"(quick)" brzy" (high-speed) and " wayfarer" (passenger). Prices for different categories of trains differ from each other, but they are all quite low. On night trains to Belgrade there are only compartment carriages. The fare for a second class compartment with three seats is approx. 4 Euro. A trip in a four-seater coupe will cost approximately 3 euro, and in a six-seater - in 2,5 Euro. Travel in a first class sleeper car costs approx. 7 Euro. Baggage up to the established limit (about 50 kg) is not paid for.

IN summer season the number of trains increases according to summer schedule. It is not at all easy to buy a ticket for a passing train. Recommended reserve seats in advance. Most trains in Montenegro have non-smoking compartments. Travel cards Inter-Rail" And Euro-Rail"do not operate in the country. Podgorica and Bar train stations are equipped with luggage storage rooms. To collect your luggage, you must present your passport.

In the Bar available seaport . There is a daily ferry connection to Italy (line Bar-Bari). The Adriatic Highway connects all places on the Adriatic coast. The Montenegrin navy consists of more than 40 ships. The country also has

A distinctive feature of agricultural production Montenegro is no industrial pollution. Country grows only organic products.The main commercial crop Montenegro is tobacco.

The country also Vegetable production is quite well developed (peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers) and fruits (apples, grapes, citrus fruits). Montenegro is famous for its wines.

Cultivated in Montenegro wheat And corn. However, their gross harvest is not able to satisfy the internal needs of the republic.

The largest enterprise industry is agro-industrial plant « July 13 - Plantage».

Mountain and pasture livestock farming plays a very important role in the agriculture of Montenegro.: sheep breeding And cattle breeding.

Buyers here don't try to deceive in a store or market. But haggle Montenegrins love and know how. People with has great respect for any faith and belief. They religious and do not particularly strive for a “beautiful life”.

For Montenegrins, the most characteristic moral concepts are: " cojstvo" And " junastvo", that is " bravery" And " courage"Local residents have great respect for their traditions, customs and the history of their country.

Montenegrins sociable and very hospitable. They are open, but they never meddle in other people's affairs. The influence of centuries-old traditions of community and collectivism is noticeably visible in the country. One might even say that Montenegrins exhibit a certain old-fashioned way of upbringing. All these features make the people of Montenegro so colorful.

Family is also very important for Montenegrins. Even today they have quite strong concepts of clan and clan. There is also a striking readiness for mutual assistance even between complete strangers.

People in Montenegro They treat Russians and residents of former USSR countries very well. Here people still remember the centuries-old connection between our peoples. In addition, the similarity of our languages largely contributes to this. The problem of the language barrier practically does not arise here. Many Montenegrins know Russian. The attitude towards tourists from other countries is also quite friendly. But this applies to older people. But young people in Montenegro prefer to learn Western European languages. English language It is used almost everywhere, but is not very popular among the population for political reasons. Local residents are very pleased that tourists know at least a few of the most common local words.

When meeting local residents, regardless of religion, greet each other with a handshake. When visiting someone's home accepted give small gifts. Locals really value the ability to speak and carry on a conversation. You can often see lengthy dialogues taking place at the table.

Everywhere in the country European clothing is accepted. But wearing tracksuits to restaurants and cafes not worth it. They might just not let you in. Evening wear is quite informal, but conservative. It is often based on local traditions. Montenegrins greatly revere their national costume.. Foreigners do not have to dress like this.

Most of the country's residents are heavy smokers. Even in public transport and in public institutions you can constantly find people smoking. You can also often see noisy companies. However, drunkenness among local residents not very common.

Electricity

. In Kosovo happen quite often outbreaks of tularemia and hemorrhagic fever.

Tourists should know that tap water in Montenegro is usually chlorinated and is relatively safe for health. However It's best to always use bottled water, this is especially true for areas remote from the capital.

Milk in Montenegro is pasteurized, dairy products are completely safe for consumption. Local meat, poultry, fish, vegetables and fruits are inspected by sanitary and hygiene services. They are enough safe for consumption. However, their recommended Do not buy from street vendors and pre-cook.

Valid in Montenegro health care insurance system. First aid, if necessary, turns out for free. However for a more thorough examination you'll have to pay.

For foreign tourists in Montenegro It is best to use the services of only special hospitals: Boris Kidrich Hospital, Clinics Centar etc. Consultation for foreigners will cost $3-10 depending on the disease.

In every community There is public clinic ("House of Health"). Here you can always get qualified first aid. In almost all cities and large towns of the country there are doctors who are engaged in private practice. You can also turn to them for help.

The main part of the clinics works in the country from Tuesday to Saturday With 7.00 to 13.00-17.00 .

There are private and public pharmacies. Typically, state pharmacies are located in health centers. The range of drugs produced locally and abroad is quite extensive.

Montenegro is located in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. The name of the state comes from the toponym Black Mountain. The total area of the country is 13.8 thousand square meters. km. The capital of Montenegro is the city of Podgorica (formerly Titograd).

Montenegro is washed from the south by the Adriatic Sea. The state borders on Croatia in the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest, Serbia in the northeast, Kosovo in the east, and Albania in the southeast.

The total length of the state's land borders is 614 km. With the Republic of Croatia - 14 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km, with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo - 203 km, with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.

Until June 2006, Montenegro was part of the confederal State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The country occupied 13.5% of its total area. Montenegro gained independence on June 3, 2006.

The continental coastline of Montenegro stretches for almost 300 km. The state includes 14 sea islands. The length of the coastline of these islands is 15.6 km. In the north-west of Montenegro there is a large bay called Boka Kotorska, which cuts into the land at 29.6 km. Its water surface area is 87.3 km².

The total length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.

There are many rivers on the territory of Montenegro. About 52.2% of the country's rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% belong to the Adriatic Sea basin. The longest of them are: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Cheotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Boyana (30 km).

Three Montenegrin rivers (Moraca, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout the entire length of the country. The Boyana River used to be the only navigable river in the country. It is currently no longer navigable.

Almost all the country's rivers are mountainous; they form fairly deep canyons. The Tara River Canyon is considered the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. Its depth is about 1200 meters.

The famous Lake Skadar is the largest lake not only in the country, but also in the entire Balkan Peninsula. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the territory of this lake belongs to Montenegro, and one third belongs to Albania.

The second largest lake in Montenegro is Lake Shasskoe, with an area of 3.64 km². The lake is located near Ulcinj. There are also 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin in the country. Their total area is 3.89 km².

The territory of Montenegro is mountainous. The highest point of the country is Mount Bobotov-Kuk (Durmitor mountain range). Its height is 2522 m. The areas adjacent to the Adriatic coast are located in a zone of narrow coastal plains, which are interrupted by mountain spurs and rocky headlands.